Fig. 1. Ship wake pattern

Fig. 2. Optical remote sensing image of ship wake with bubbles

Fig. 3. Sketch of Dot and Curve

Fig. 4. Wake detection and feature extraction algorithm

Fig. 5. Bright wake original image and test results

Fig. 6. Grayscale curve of main and auxiliary axes of bright wake

Fig. 7. Dark wake original image and test results

Fig. 8. Grayscale curve of main and auxiliary axes of dark wake

Fig. 9. Flow chart of ship wake detection and identification algorithm on the sea

Fig. 10. Results of ship wake detection. (a), (d), (g), (j), (m) Original image; (b), (e), (h), (k), (n) Dot-Curve image; (c), (f), (i), (l), (o) Detection result