Photonics Research, Volume. 13, Issue 10, 2813(2025)
Six-mode SDM transmission over 960 km with a reach extension of five times enabled by a 6M-EDFA
Fig. 2. Schematic and photo of (a) the dual-stage integrated 6M-EDFA, (b) 6M-ISO, and (c) 6M-PC.
Fig. 3. (a) Normalized erbium doping profile with tested results (circular markers) and the designed profile (dashed blue line); (b) modal gains of the 6M-EDF across the C-band.
Fig. 4. (a) Experimental setup for characterizing the proposed 6M-EDFA, (b) modal patterns of signals before and after amplification, and (c) crosstalk matrix of the 6M-EDFA.
Fig. 5. The modal gain and DMG as a function of (a) the length of the first-stage 6M-EDF without the second-stage 6M-EDF and (b) the length of the second-stage 6M-EDF with the first-stage 6M-EDF.
Fig. 6. (a) The modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the 6M-EDFA as a function of forward pump power of the first-stage amplifier.
Fig. 7. (a) The modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the 6M-EDFA as a function of backward pump power of the second-stage amplifier.
Fig. 8. (a) The modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the 6M-EDFA as a function of input signal power.
Fig. 9. (a) Modal gain, DMG, and (b) NF of the proposed 6M-EDFA as a function of wavelength.
Fig. 10. Experimental setup for the six-mode transmission using the proposed 6M-EDFA.
Fig. 11. (a) Impulse responses at 240 km, 600 km, and 960 km. (b) Required equalizer windows at different transmission distances.
Fig. 12. (a) Measured BERs of all 12 spatial channels as well as the averaged BER at different transmission distances. (b) Constellations of six channels after 960-km transmission.
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Tao Xu, Yanze Wang, Minghao Liu, Wenhao Li, Wei Li, Cheng Du, Yaping Liu, Zhiqun Yang, Zhanhua Huang, Lin Zhang, "Six-mode SDM transmission over 960 km with a reach extension of five times enabled by a 6M-EDFA," Photonics Res. 13, 2813 (2025)
Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
Received: Apr. 10, 2025
Accepted: Jul. 14, 2025
Published Online: Sep. 22, 2025
The Author Email: Yaping Liu (liuyp@tju.edu.cn), Zhiqun Yang (yangzhiqun@tju.edu.cn), Lin Zhang (lin_zhang@tju.edu.cn)
CSTR:32188.14.PRJ.564839