Fig. 1. Passive mode-locked fiber laser and real-time detection system based on nonlinear polarization rotation technology

Fig. 2. Laser mode-locked output characteristics. (a) Spectrum; (b) time-domain pulse sequence

Fig. 3. Feature extraction and prediction based on convolutional autoencoder

Fig. 4. Loose soliton bound state. (a) Real-time spectral evolution; (b) spectra; (c) single period autocorrelation trace

Fig. 5. Compact soliton bound state. (a) Real-time spectral evolution; (b) spectra; (c) single period autocorrelation trace

Fig. 6. Training parameters and evaluation indicators. (a) Loss curve; (b) influence of number of characteristic parameters on training result; (c) Pearson correlation coefficient

Fig. 7. Continuous 10-round spectra. (a) Spectra measured by experiment; (b) spectra predicted by network

Fig. 8. Real time spectral dynamics of soliton bound states. (a) Origin spectrum; (b) reconstructed spectrum

Fig. 9. One-period autocorrelation traces and phase difference evolutions of real-time spectrum and reconstructed spectrum. (a) One-period autocorrelation traces; (b) phase difference evolution at position A; (c) phase difference evolution at position B