Fig. 1. Heatmaps of allelic frequencies and forensic parameters. (A) Insertion allelic frequencies of 57 InDel loci in 31 worldwide populations. (B) Forensic parameters of 57 InDel loci in Hezhou Han population.

Fig. 2. Two phylogenetic trees of 31 different populations. (A) Neighbour-joining tree was performed by MEGA software based on pairwise D_A values among 31 populations. (B) Circular phylogenetic tree was constructed by iTOL online software on the basis of pairwise D_A values among 31 populations.

Fig. 3. PCA analyses among 31 worldwide populations at population level and individual level. (A) PC1 and PC2 at population level. (B) PC1 and PC3 at population level. (C) PC1 and PC2 at individual level. (D) PC1 and PC3 at individual level.

Fig. 4. The structure analyses (K = 2–4) among 31 populations based on the raw genotyping data of 57 InDel loci.

Fig. 5. Prediction matrix for different intercontinental populations based on 57 autosomal InDel genotyping data. (A) Cross-validation success rates of 4 224 individuals in five intercontinental populations. (B) Cross-validation success rates of 3 388 individuals in three intercontinental populations.

Fig. 6. (A) In values of 57 InDel loci in Hezhou Han population. (B) Cos2 analyses of 57 InDel loci in Hezhou Han population.