Fig. 1. Schematic of calculating illuminance from LED point light source at one point in space

Fig. 2. Schematic of LED array arrangement and uniform light effect. (a) Array layout; (b) uniform lighting effect

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of conical light stick principle and modeling structure

Fig. 4. Distributions of apodization angle of the light source before and after the conical light stick modulation. (a) Before modulation; (b) after modulation

Fig. 5. Principle of asymmetric turning light stick

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of the comparison of the turning light stick structure and light spot before and after optimization. (a) Conical light stick structure without y-axis eccentricity; (b) conical light stick structure with y-axis eccentricity; (c) illuminance diagram of conical light stick without y-axis eccentricity; (d) illuminance diagram of conical light stick with y-axis eccentricity

Fig. 7. Schematic diagram of illumination distribution on the light-emitting surface of the turning light stick

Fig. 8. Optimized Fresnel mirror. (a) Structural diagram; (b) microstructure surface profile curve

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of the system collimation effect before and after using the Fresnel mirror. (a) Before use; (b) after use

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of large-size image source backlight module

Fig. 11. Distribution of apodization angles of large-size image source backlight modules. (a) Backlight system using far-field receiver to simulate light intensity value; (b) intensity slices of backlight module

Fig. 12. Schematic diagram of brightness uniformity of large-size image source backlight module

Fig. 13. Virtual image brightness simulation. (a) Schematic of the splicing of backlight and HUD projection light paths; (b) virtual image brightness simulation light path; (c) virtual image brightness simulation results

Fig. 14. Virtual image color temperature and color coordinate simulation results. (a) Color temperature simulation diagram; (b) color temperature and color coordinate simulation values

Fig. 15. Large-size image source backlight. (a) Actual backlight; (b) backlight with LCD on; (c) actual measurement of backlight at full power brightness

Fig. 16. Thermal radiation path simulation diagram. (a) Sunlight radiation; (b) LED optical radiation; (c) thermal simulation

Fig. 17. Variation trends of virtual brightness and incident optical thermal radiation on the LCD with changes in backlight drive power