Journal of Applied Optics, Volume. 46, Issue 3, 580(2025)

Design and analysis of thickness dimension for large aperture plane optical window of aerial electro-optics

Gang CHENG*, Huilin WANG, Bo ZHANG, Tao WANG, Heng LU, Yinqi CAO, and Fan ZHOU
Author Affiliations
  • Xi'an Institute of Applied Optics, Xi'an 710065, China
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    Figures & Tables(18)
    Plane optical window combination form
    Configuration and dimension of plane optical window
    Integrated analysis process of optical window
    Aerodynamic thermal and pressure response of optical window
    Composite action stress response for pressure and temperature of optical window
    Coordinate system definition of optical window and carrier attitude
    1st~6th order mode contour of optical window
    Directional displacement extreme response for composite load of window surface
    Stress response for composite load of window surface
    Window surface RMS wavefront error results for directional composite load
    Laboratory test and wavefront errors contour of optical window
    Vibration test and spot image of optical window
    Imaging effect during carrier flight
    • Table 1. m-ZnS material property parameters

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      Table 1. m-ZnS material property parameters

      属性参数名称参数值
      物理参数热膨胀系数/10−66.5(−65 ℃~200 ℃)
      密度/103 kg·m−34.09
      热导率/W·(m·℃)−127(25 ℃)
      力学参数断裂强度/MPa69
      弹性模量/GPa74.5
      泊松比0.318±0.001
    • Table 2. Window applied loads and influences

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      Table 2. Window applied loads and influences

      序号载荷载荷特点作用来源作用影响
      1重力(含机动过载)与机动过载相同,属于静态载荷,对窗口作用会随窗口工作姿态位置变化重力1 g,机动过载源于载机机动系统工作过程中玻璃法向作用载荷,造成窗口内外表面变形,形成新的曲率半径,造成光学系统离焦和光程差;玻璃平面方向作用载荷对入射光线造成波前误差
      2压力作用在窗口表面法向,窗口内外表面压力存在差异源于飞行过程中环境压力以及大气与窗口相对运动;任务舱内环境气压作用类似于窗口表面法向力,形成新的曲率半径,造成光学系统离焦和光程差
      3温度在厚度方向和径向呈梯度分布源于飞行过程中环境温度以及大气与窗口相对运动;任务舱内环境温度厚度方向温度梯度造成窗口内外表面变形,形成新的曲率半径,造成光学系统离焦和光程差;径向温度梯度会造成“塌边”或者“翘边”,对入射光线造成波前误差
      4振动沿载机航向、垂向、侧向3个方向作用源于载机平台在飞行机动过程中的动态激励造成窗口结构变形,入射光线在窗口内外表面上产生波前误差
    • Table 3. Structural modal property of optical window

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      Table 3. Structural modal property of optical window

      阶次谐振频率/Hz振型主响应激励
      1151.17Z向弯曲Z向线性
      2209.78X向转动
      3220.82Y向转动
      4276.59Z向转动Z向旋转
      5299.72Y向移动Y向线性, X向旋转
      6306.68Y向转动, X向移动X向线性, Y向旋转
    • Table 4. Displacement and stress extreme response for composite load of window surface

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      Table 4. Displacement and stress extreme response for composite load of window surface

      参数坐标X向组合工况Y向组合工况Z向组合工况
      最大位移/mmX0.185 8860.001 8000.003 925
      Y0.038 7290.166 5980.018 454
      Z0.229 8950.076 7450.631 165
      最大应力/MPa1.020.776.15
    • Table 5. Window surface fitting parameters and RMS wavefront error results for directional composite load

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      Table 5. Window surface fitting parameters and RMS wavefront error results for directional composite load

      Zernike面型参数XYZ
      内表面外表面内表面外表面内表面外表面
      面型拟合结果归一化半径/mm276.9989063276.9989131276.8349300276.8358800276.9851900276.9966061
      1阶系数:平移0.2622547150.2622450680.0273282990.0273331840.5266043450.5265942593
      2阶系数:X轴倾斜0.0008289090.0008308810.0001161960.0001163630.0004044960.0004043515
      3阶系数:Y轴倾斜0.0029619010.0029648670.0017158770.0017179460.0744387280.074439059
      4阶系数:璃焦0.2247625490.2247546260.0068762500.0068785760.0847644060.084778920
      5阶系数:0°像散0.4468304670.4468110850.0637214120.0637465530.0539039690.0538589429
      6阶系数:45°像散0.0008581460.0008347390.0007236990.0007239580.0002123430.000212356
      7阶系数:X轴彗差0.0004862150.0004888360.0002000220.0002001750.0000187860.0000187045
      8阶系数:Y轴彗差0.0014019890.0014024290.0014757940.0014728420.0017300190.0017229696
      9阶系数:球差0.0023799070.0023798640.0225460900.0225518920.01489660530.0148877640
      RMS波前误差(−15° 0°)0.0209100.0932450.061374
      (波长632.8 nm)(−12° 0°)0.022 3470.073 6800.049 426
      (−9° 0°)0.024 1780.055 1180.038 603
      (−6° 0°)0.025 9390.036 9680.029 094
      (−3° 0°)0.027 5150.020 2150.022 680
      (0° 0°)0.029 2830.009 4130.021 299
      (3° 0°)0.031 3470.020 6430.026 096
      (6° 0°)0.033 6080.037 3710.034 372
      (9° 0°)0.035 7070.055 5120.044 736
      (12° 0°)0.037 6360.074 0480.055 959
      (15° 0°)0.040 0640.093 5650.068 238
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    Gang CHENG, Huilin WANG, Bo ZHANG, Tao WANG, Heng LU, Yinqi CAO, Fan ZHOU. Design and analysis of thickness dimension for large aperture plane optical window of aerial electro-optics[J]. Journal of Applied Optics, 2025, 46(3): 580

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    Paper Information

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    Received: Jun. 13, 2024

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: May. 28, 2025

    The Author Email: Gang CHENG (627820446@qq.com)

    DOI:10.5768/JAO202546.0301005

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