Anisotropic programmable metasurfaces with individually controllable 2-bit elements

Xin Ge Zhang; Qiu Cen Hu; Qi Yang Li; Zhixiang Huang; Liang Xu; Yi Quan; Qian Zhu; Bo Yuan Wang; Xiao Xiao Chen; Tie Jun Cui; Wei Xiang Jiang

doi:10.1364/PRJ.537749

Photonics Research, Volume. 12, Issue 11, 2660(2024)

Anisotropic programmable metasurfaces with individually controllable 2-bit elements

Xin Ge Zhang¹, Qiu Cen Hu¹, Qi Yang Li¹, Zhixiang Huang², Liang Xu¹, Yi Quan¹, Qian Zhu¹, Bo Yuan Wang¹, Xiao Xiao Chen¹, Tie Jun Cui¹, and Wei Xiang Jiang^1,3、*

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China

²Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China

³Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China

show less

References(33)

[1] T. J. Cui, M. Q. Qi, X. Wan. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials. Light Sci. Appl., 3, e218(2014).

[2] T. J. Cui, L. Li, S. Liu. Information metamaterial systems. iScience, 23, 101403(2020).

[3] T. Liu, Y. Meng, J. Wang. Six-channel programmable coding metasurface simultaneously for orthogonal circular and linear polarizations. Photonics Res., 11, 1047-1056(2023).

[4] F. Lan, L. Wang, H. Zeng. Real-time programmable metasurface for terahertz multifunctional wave front engineering. Light Sci. Appl., 12, 191(2023).

[5] X. Bai, F. Kong, Y. Sun. High-efficiency transmissive programmable metasurface for multimode OAM generation. Adv. Opt. Mater., 8, 2000570(2020).

[6] Z. Fan, C. Qian, Y. Jia. Homeostatic neuro-metasurfaces for dynamic wireless channel management. Sci. Adv., 8, eabn7905(2022).

[7] X. G. Zhang, W. X. Jiang, H. L. Jiang. An optically driven digital metasurface for programming electromagnetic functions. Nat. Electron., 3, 165-171(2020).

[8] J. Wu, Z. Shen, S. Ge. Liquid crystal programmable metasurface for terahertz beam steering. Appl. Phys. Lett., 116, 131104(2020).

[9] C. Wu, H. Yu, S. Lee. Programmable phase-change metasurfaces on waveguides for multimode photonic convolutional neural network. Nat. Commun., 12, 96(2021).

[10] A. H. Naqvi, S. Lim. A beam-steering antenna with a fluidically programmable metasurface. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 67, 3704-3711(2019).

[11] H. Chen, W. B. Lu, Z. G. Liu. Microwave programmable graphene metasurface. ACS Photonics, 7, 1425-1435(2020).

[12] Y. L. Sun, X. G. Zhang, Z. Huang. Remotely controlled laser-programmable microwave metasurfaces. Adv. Opt. Mater., 12, 2303139(2024).

[13] L. Xu, D. Y. Wang, X. G. Zhang. Cloud-connected networked metasurfaces for online electromagnetic manipulations. ACS Photonics, 10, 1558-1565(2023).

[14] N. Ashraf, T. Saeed, H. Taghvaee. Intelligent beam steering for wireless communication using programmable metasurfaces. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 24, 4848-4861(2023).

[15] X. G. Zhang, Y. L. Sun, B. C. Zhu. A metasurface-based light-to-microwave transmitter for hybrid wireless communications. Light Sci. Appl., 11, 126(2022).

[16] S. Venkatesh, X. Lu, H. Saeidi. A high-speed programmable and scalable terahertz holographic metasurface based on tiled CMOS chips. Nat. Electron., 3, 785-793(2020).

[17] B. Chen, X. Wang, W. Li. Electrically addressable integrated intelligent terahertz metasurface. Sci. Adv., 8, eadd1296(2022).

[18] X. G. Zhang, Y. L. Sun, Z. Huang. A review of light-controlled programmable metasurfaces for remote microwave control and hybrid signal processing. Eng. Rep., 5, e12658(2023).

[19] L. Li, H. Ruan, C. Liu. Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager. Nat. Commun., 10, 1082(2019).

[20] X. G. Zhang, Y. L. Sun, Q. Yu. Smart Doppler cloak operating in broad band and full polarizations. Adv. Mater., 33, 2007966(2021).

[21] C. Huang, J. Yang, X. Wu. Reconfigurable metasurface cloak for dynamical electromagnetic illusions. ACS Photonics, 5, 1718-1725(2018).

[22] X. G. Zhang, Y. L. Sun, B. Zhu. Optoelectronic metasurface for free-space optical-microwave interactions. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 15, 22744-22751(2023).

[23] P. Thureja, R. Sokhoyan, C. U. Hail. Toward a universal metasurface for optical imaging, communication, and computation. Nanophotonics, 11, 3745-3768(2022).

[24] N. Shlezinger, G. C. Alexandropoulos, M. F. Imani. Dynamic metasurface antennas for 6G extreme massive MIMO communications. IEEE Wirel. Commun., 28, 106-113(2021).

[25] Y. Liu, X. Liu, X. Mu. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: principles and opportunities. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tuts., 23, 1546-1577(2021).

[26] E. Basar. Reconfigurable intelligent surface-based index modulation: a new beyond MIMO paradigm for 6G. IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., 68, 3187-3196(2020).

[27] W. Tang, J. Y. Dai, M. Z. Chen. MIMO transmission through reconfigurable intelligent surface: system design, analysis, and implementation. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., 38, 2683-2699(2020).

[28] X. G. Zhang, Q. Yu, W. X. Jiang. Polarization-controlled dual-programmable metasurfaces. Adv. Sci., 7, 1903382(2020).

[29] K. Chen, N. Zhang, G. Ding. Active anisotropic coding metasurface with independent real-time reconfigurability for dual polarized waves. Adv. Mater. Technol., 5, 1900930(2020).

[30] J. Yin, Q. Lou, H. Wang. Broadband dual-polarized single-layer reflectarray antenna with independently controllable 1-bit dual beams. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 69, 3294-3302(2021).

[31] M. Wang, D. Liao, J. Y. Dai. Dual-polarized reconfigurable metasurface for multifunctional control of electromagnetic waves. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 70, 4539-4548(2022).

[32] L. Zhu, J. Han, G. Li. Dual linearly polarized 2-bit programmable metasurface with high cross-polarization discrimination. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 72, 1510-1520(2024).

[33] B. O. Zhu, J. Zhao, Y. Feng. Active impedance metasurface with full 360° reflection phase tuning. Sci. Rep., 3, 3059(2013).

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Xin Ge Zhang, Qiu Cen Hu, Qi Yang Li, Zhixiang Huang, Liang Xu, Yi Quan, Qian Zhu, Bo Yuan Wang, Xiao Xiao Chen, Tie Jun Cui, Wei Xiang Jiang, "Anisotropic programmable metasurfaces with individually controllable 2-bit elements," Photonics Res. 12, 2660 (2024)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Optical Devices

Received: Jul. 31, 2024

Accepted: Sep. 9, 2024

Published Online: Oct. 31, 2024

The Author Email: Wei Xiang Jiang (wxjiang81@seu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.537749

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology