Fig. 1. (a) Two-dimensional profile and (b) three-dimensional structural diagram of waveguide

Fig. 2. (a) Normalized electric field distribution of fundamental mode of proposed waveguide (r2=77.5nm, r1=5 nm,h=1 nm, θ=65°); (b) normalized electric field distribution of fundamental mode of waveguide in Ref. [28] (h2=77.5 nm, h=1 nm, θ=65°); (c)(d) normalized eletric field distribution along horizontal and vertical dashed lines in (a)

Fig. 3. Changes of (a) nhyb, (b) a(r,h)2 and (c) κ of proposed mode with different r and h

Fig. 4. Changes of (a) Msf, (b) Lm and (c) Fm of proposed waveguide with different r and α values

Fig. 5. Changes of (a) αi, (b) Γwg , (c) gth and (d) Q of proposed nano-laser with different θ and r

Fig. 6. Three-dimensional simulation of nano-laser. (a) Three-dimensional simulation diagram of nano-laser; (b) field intensity distribution of xz cross section; (c) effective modal volume Veff