Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, Volume. 40, Issue 8, 1132(2025)
Liquid crystal micro lens array with modal control for integrated imaging 3D display
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the prepared liquid crystal lens structure. (a) Liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer; (b) Liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer; (c) Director distribution of a liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer during operation; (d) Equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer.
Fig. 2. Preparation process of LCMLA. (a) Spin coating photoresist on a clean glass substrate and exposing it to ultraviolet light under a mask; (b) Developing to obtain a photoresist column array; (c) Depositing a layer of copper through physical vapor deposition; (d) Forming a porous copper electrode through a stripping process; (e) Spin coating PVA/PEDOT∶PSS solution to form a film; (f) Rubbing orientation on the PI orientation layer; (g) Rubbing alignment on the upper substrate; (h) Assembling a liquid crystal cell and injecting liquid crystal.
Fig. 3. Potential simulation of liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer. Potential distribution at fixed frequency of 1 kHz and different voltages: (a) 5 V, (b) 15 V, (c) 40 V; Potential distribution at fixed voltage of 40 V and different frequencies: (d) 1 kHz, (e) 75 kHz, (f) 100 kHz; (g) Potential position distribution diagram at different voltages; (h) Potential position distribution diagram at different frequencies.
Fig. 4. Potential simulation of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer. Potential distribution at fixed voltage of 5 V and different frequencies: (a) 1 kHz, (b) 25 kHz, (c) 75 kHz; Potential distribution at fixed frequency of 75 kHz and different voltages: (d) 1 V, (e) 2.5 V, (f) 5 V; (g) Potential position distribution diagram at different frequencies; (h) Potential position distribution diagram at different voltages.
Fig. 6. (a) Sheet resistance of films coated from different solutions at different spin speeds; (b) Thin film sheet resistance and thickness formed by Solution 9 at different rotational speeds; (c) Transmittance curves of glass substrates and glass substrates with high resistance layer at different wavelengths.
Fig. 7. Interferences rings of the liquid crystal lensse at different driving conditions. (a~f) Without high resistance layer, f =1 kHz, the volage of 0, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40 V; (a'~f') Without high resistance layer, V =40 V, the frequency of 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 kHz; (g~l) With high resistance layer, f =1 kHz, the volage of 0, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.5, 5 V; (g'~l') with high resistance layer, V =5 V, the frequency of 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 kHz. P represents the polarization direction of the polarizer, R represents the friction direction of the liquid crystal lens, and A represents the polarization direction of the analyzer.
Fig. 8. Optical detection platform for testing the focusing ability of liquid crystal lens array
Fig. 9. Variation characteristics of 3D focused beam quality under(a) 0 V,(b) 15 V,(c) 25 V, (d) 40 V voltage modula⁃tion and (e) focal length under different voltages of LCMLA without high resistance layer, fixed frequency of 1 kHz; Variation characteristics of 3D focused beam quality under (f) 0 V, (g) 2.5 V, (h) 3.5 V, (i) 5 V voltage modula⁃tion and (j) focal lengths at different voltages of LCMLA with high resistance layer, fixed frequency of 75 kHz; Fixed voltage 5 V, the 3D focused beam quality when the frequency is (k) 1 kHz, (l) 25 kHz, (m) 75 kHz, (n) 100 kHz and (o) focal length at different frequencies.
Fig. 10. Response time of liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer: (a) rise time, (b) decay time; Response time when switching voltage of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer: (c) rise time, (d) decay time; Response time when switching frequency of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer: (e) rise time, (f) decay time.
Fig. 11. (a) Schematic diagram of 3D display system using LCMLA; (b)Elemental image array; (c) Multi view effect of 3D reconstructed images generated by LCMLA.
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Haoran WANG, Xueying CHANG, Qilong CHEN, Zhenyao BIAN, Hongbo LU, Miao XU. Liquid crystal micro lens array with modal control for integrated imaging 3D display[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2025, 40(8): 1132
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Received: May. 20, 2025
Accepted: --
Published Online: Sep. 25, 2025
The Author Email: Miao XU (xumiao0711@hfut.edu.cn)