Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, Volume. 40, Issue 8, 1132(2025)

Liquid crystal micro lens array with modal control for integrated imaging 3D display

Haoran WANG1, Xueying CHANG2, Qilong CHEN2, Zhenyao BIAN1, Hongbo LU1,2, and Miao XU1,2、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Advance Functional Materials and Devices of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
  • 2National Engineering Laboratory of Special Display Technology, State Key Laboratory of Modern Display Technology Jointly Established by the Province and Ministry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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    Figures & Tables(13)
    Schematic diagram of the prepared liquid crystal lens structure. (a) Liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer; (b) Liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer; (c) Director distribution of a liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer during operation; (d) Equivalent circuit diagram of a liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer.
    Preparation process of LCMLA. (a) Spin coating photoresist on a clean glass substrate and exposing it to ultraviolet light under a mask; (b) Developing to obtain a photoresist column array; (c) Depositing a layer of copper through physical vapor deposition; (d) Forming a porous copper electrode through a stripping process; (e) Spin coating PVA/PEDOT∶PSS solution to form a film; (f) Rubbing orientation on the PI orientation layer; (g) Rubbing alignment on the upper substrate; (h) Assembling a liquid crystal cell and injecting liquid crystal.
    Potential simulation of liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer. Potential distribution at fixed frequency of 1 kHz and different voltages: (a) 5 V, (b) 15 V, (c) 40 V; Potential distribution at fixed voltage of 40 V and different frequencies: (d) 1 kHz, (e) 75 kHz, (f) 100 kHz; (g) Potential position distribution diagram at different voltages; (h) Potential position distribution diagram at different frequencies.
    Potential simulation of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer. Potential distribution at fixed voltage of 5 V and different frequencies: (a) 1 kHz, (b) 25 kHz, (c) 75 kHz; Potential distribution at fixed frequency of 75 kHz and different voltages: (d) 1 V, (e) 2.5 V, (f) 5 V; (g) Potential position distribution diagram at different frequencies; (h) Potential position distribution diagram at different voltages.
    Microscopic images. (a) Photomask; (b) Copper hole array.
    (a) Sheet resistance of films coated from different solutions at different spin speeds; (b) Thin film sheet resistance and thickness formed by Solution 9 at different rotational speeds; (c) Transmittance curves of glass substrates and glass substrates with high resistance layer at different wavelengths.
    Interferences rings of the liquid crystal lensse at different driving conditions. (a~f) Without high resistance layer, f =1 kHz, the volage of 0, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40 V; (a'~f') Without high resistance layer, V =40 V, the frequency of 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 kHz; (g~l) With high resistance layer, f =1 kHz, the volage of 0, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4.5, 5 V; (g'~l') with high resistance layer, V =5 V, the frequency of 1, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 kHz. P represents the polarization direction of the polarizer, R represents the friction direction of the liquid crystal lens, and A represents the polarization direction of the analyzer.
    Optical detection platform for testing the focusing ability of liquid crystal lens array
    Variation characteristics of 3D focused beam quality under(a) 0 V,(b) 15 V,(c) 25 V, (d) 40 V voltage modula⁃tion and (e) focal length under different voltages of LCMLA without high resistance layer, fixed frequency of 1 kHz; Variation characteristics of 3D focused beam quality under (f) 0 V, (g) 2.5 V, (h) 3.5 V, (i) 5 V voltage modula⁃tion and (j) focal lengths at different voltages of LCMLA with high resistance layer, fixed frequency of 75 kHz; Fixed voltage 5 V, the 3D focused beam quality when the frequency is (k) 1 kHz, (l) 25 kHz, (m) 75 kHz, (n) 100 kHz and (o) focal length at different frequencies.
    Response time of liquid crystal lens without high resistance layer: (a) rise time, (b) decay time; Response time when switching voltage of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer: (c) rise time, (d) decay time; Response time when switching frequency of liquid crystal lens with high resistance layer: (e) rise time, (f) decay time.
    (a) Schematic diagram of 3D display system using LCMLA; (b)Elemental image array; (c) Multi view effect of 3D reconstructed images generated by LCMLA.
    • Table 1. Proportions of different solutions

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      Table 1. Proportions of different solutions

      SolutionV1V2
      10∶1
      20.2∶1
      30.4∶1
      40.6∶1
      50.8∶1
      61∶1
      71.2∶1
      81.4∶1
      91.6∶1
    • Table 2. Parameters for 3D display systems

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      Table 2. Parameters for 3D display systems

      设备参数数值
      显示器型号iPad Pro 2018
      分辨率2 732×2 048
      偏振片厚度0.2 mm
      LCMLA有效面积4 cm×4 cm
      透镜节距850 μm
      透镜个数2 209
      透镜焦距19.5 mm
      拍摄设备型号iPhone 15 Pro Max
      主摄像头像素4 800万
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    Haoran WANG, Xueying CHANG, Qilong CHEN, Zhenyao BIAN, Hongbo LU, Miao XU. Liquid crystal micro lens array with modal control for integrated imaging 3D display[J]. Chinese Journal of Liquid Crystals and Displays, 2025, 40(8): 1132

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    Paper Information

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    Received: May. 20, 2025

    Accepted: --

    Published Online: Sep. 25, 2025

    The Author Email: Miao XU (xumiao0711@hfut.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0103

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