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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 12, 1201004(2025)

Atmospheric Visibility Iteration Solution Based on Temporal Convolutional Network and Multiple-Scattering Simulation

Shuai Feng1,2、* and Chao Ding2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Engineering Techniques Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
  • 2Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Signal and Image Processing, Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (20)
    Equations (0)
    References (35)
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    Figures & Tables(20)
    Multiple scattering

    Fig. 1. Multiple scattering

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    TCN structure

    Fig. 2. TCN structure

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    Multiple scattering factor solution

    Fig. 3. Multiple scattering factor solution

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    Multiple scattering simulation

    Fig. 4. Multiple scattering simulation

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    Photon scattering

    Fig. 5. Photon scattering

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    Total photon number and photon number of single scattering for visibility of 100 m

    Fig. 6. Total photon number and photon number of single scattering for visibility of 100 m

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    Apparent extinction coefficient estimation for visibility of 100 m

    Fig. 7. Apparent extinction coefficient estimation for visibility of 100 m

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    Multiple scattering factor iteration for visibility of 100 m

    Fig. 8. Multiple scattering factor iteration for visibility of 100 m

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    Photon number iteration for visibility of 100 m

    Fig. 9. Photon number iteration for visibility of 100 m

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    Algorithm comparison for visibility of 100 m

    Fig. 10. Algorithm comparison for visibility of 100 m

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    Total photon number and single scattered photon number for visibility of 800 m

    Fig. 11. Total photon number and single scattered photon number for visibility of 800 m

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    Apparent extinction coefficient estimation for visibility of 800 m

    Fig. 12. Apparent extinction coefficient estimation for visibility of 800 m

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    Photon number iteration for visibility of 800 m

    Fig. 13. Photon number iteration for visibility of 800 m

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    Multiple scattering factor iteration for visibility of 800 m

    Fig. 14. Multiple scattering factor iteration for visibility of 800 m

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    Algorithm comparison for visibility of 800 m

    Fig. 15. Algorithm comparison for visibility of 800 m

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    Measured return signals

    Fig. 16. Measured return signals

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    Algorithm comparison (signal A)

    Fig. 17. Algorithm comparison (signal A)

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    Algorithm comparison (signal B)

    Fig. 18. Algorithm comparison (signal B)

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    • Table 1. Characteristics of apparent extinction coefficient under four typical atmospheric conditions

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      Table 1. Characteristics of apparent extinction coefficient under four typical atmospheric conditions

      Atmospheric conditionCharacteristicApparent extinction coefficient range /km⁻¹Apparent extinction coefficient variation trend
      Clear atmosphereLow amounts of aerosols and pollutants in the air0.01‒0.1Relatively low values, not much variation with altitude
      Urban polluted atmosphereHigh amounts of industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust pollutants0.1‒1Relatively high values, significant variation in the lower atmosphere (0‒1 km), increasing with altitude
      Hazy atmosphereHigh concentration of fine particles (PM2.5) leading to low visibility1‒10Extremely high values, significant variation in the lower atmosphere (0‒2 km), potential large fluctuations
      Dusty weatherLarge amounts of dust particles causing high apparent extinction coefficients0.5‒5Relatively high values, significant variation in the mid-to-lower atmosphere (0‒2 km)

    • Table 2. Simulation parameters of multiple scattering

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      Table 2. Simulation parameters of multiple scattering

      ParameterContent
      Number of simulated photons109
      Phase functionHG/RHG
      Lens radius of receiver /mm50
      Max scattering order20
      Asymmetry factor0.9
      Full field of view of receiver /mrad1.2
      Beam divergence angle /mrad0.75
      Initial laser beam width /mm2
      Laser wavelength /nm1064
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    Shuai Feng, Chao Ding. Atmospheric Visibility Iteration Solution Based on Temporal Convolutional Network and Multiple-Scattering Simulation[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(12): 1201004

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    Paper Information

    Category: Atmospheric Optics and Oceanic Optics

    Received: Nov. 5, 2024

    Accepted: Dec. 25, 2024

    Published Online: Jun. 23, 2025

    The Author Email: Shuai Feng (fengshuai2004@126.com)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS241711

    CSTR:32393.14.AOS241711

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology