Fig. 1. Structural diagram of Add-Drop MRR and "broadcast and weighting" structure. (a) "Broadcast and weighting" structure; (b) electro-optic (EO) modulation MRR; (c) schematic diagram of EO-modulation optical waveguide structure

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of structure and cross-section of GST-based MRR. (a) Schematic diagram of structure; (b) schematic diagram of cross-section

Fig. 3. GST-MRR performance diagram. (a) Transmission curve of Drop port; (b) transmission curve of Through port; (c) field intensity distribution in completely amorphous state; (d) field intensity distribution at 50% crystallization degree; (e) transmission curves of two ports; (f) Td-Tp curve

Fig. 4. NVSP structure for executing MVM

Fig. 5. On-chip structure of optical CNN accelerator and structure of CNN. (a) On-chip structure of optical CNN accelerator; (b) structure of CNN

Fig. 6. Schematic diagrams of waveforms for 4×4 optical MVM with 10 Gb/s and 20 Gb/s modulation rates. (a) Waveform of input pulse 1; (b) waveform of input pulse 2; (c) waveform of input pulse 3; (d) waveform of input pulse 4; (e) output convolution pulse at 10 Gb/s; (f) output convolution pulse at 20 Gb/s

Fig. 7. Comparison of computing times of different accelerators under same computing requirements

Fig. 8. Inference task for handwritten numbers. (a) Inference accuracy of each number; (b) output confusion matrix

Fig. 9. Training and interfacing processes of notMNIST dataset