Fig. 1. Two-dimensional cross-section diagram of PCVCSEL

Fig. 2. Relationship between PCVCSEL normalized frequency and normalized lattice constant

Fig. 3. Two-dimensional equivalent models of VCSEL and PCVCSEL. (a) VCSEL; (b) PCVCSEL

Fig. 4. Relationship between mode effective refractive index and oxide confined aperture

Fig. 5. Mode field distribution of PCVCSEL. (a) Fundamental transverse mode; (b) high order transverse mode

Fig. 6. Mode field distribution of fundamental transverse mode. (a) VCSEL with small oxide aperture; (b) PCVCSEL

Fig. 7. Field widths of fundamental transverse modes of two restricted structures

Fig. 8. Current density distribution of PCVCSEL under different oxide apertures

Fig. 9. Temperature distribution of each part of PCVCSEL

Fig. 10. Light output power-current-voltage characteristic of PCVCSEL

Fig. 11. Spectral characteristic of PCVCSEL