Research on orbital prediction optimization methods for space debris based on time bias correction

Fig. 1. (a1)-(c1) Time bias plots for the Starlette, Larets, and Lares satellites; (a2)-(c2) Azimuth bias plots after time bias correction for the Starlette, Larets, and Lares satellites; (a3)-(c3) Altitude bias plots after time bias correction for the Starlette, Larets, and Lares satellites

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Fig. 2. The time bias simulation calculation for Starlette, Larets, and Lares

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Fig. 3. 1.2 m telescope optical path for space debris imaging with CMOS camera

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Fig. 4. Flowchart of experimental method

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Fig. 5. Statistics of tracking passes and time offset corrections for space targets

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Fig. 6. Image of space debris at telescope field-of-view center

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Fig. 7. Distribution of space debris with positive time bias

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Table 1. Main parameters of telescope

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Table 1. Main parameters of telescope

Parameter	Value
Effective aperture/mm	1060
Primary mirror focal length/mm	1800
Secondary mirror focal length/mm	−240
Pointing accuracy/(")	1
Accuracy-ensured tracking speed-azimuth/(°)·s⁻¹	0.004-3
Accuracy-ensured tracking speed-altitude/(°)·s⁻¹	0.004-1
Max angular velocity azimuth/(°)·s⁻¹	6

Table 2. Main parameters of CMOS camera

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Table 2. Main parameters of CMOS camera

Parameter	Value
Photosensitive area/mm	13.2×13.2
Detecting efficiency at 500-600 nm	>78%
Number of pixels/pixel	2048×2048
Dark current at −10, −20, −30 ℃/electrons·pixel⁻¹·s⁻¹	0.061,0.02,0.006
Exposure time/s	0.001-10
Reading speed/frame·s⁻¹	30-100

Table 3. Statistical chart of space debris with positive and negative characteristics in time bias distribution
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Table 3. Statistical chart of space debris with positive and negative characteristics in time bias distribution
ID Total passes Passes(TB>0) Passes(TB=0) Passes(TB<0)
02144 6 6 0 0
10777 8 8 0 0
22220 5 5 0 0
36597 4 2 2 0
33410 5 5 0 0
24277 13 9 3 1
19468 10 9 0 1
27601 6 5 0 1
00815 14 13 0 1
25861 13 12 0 1
25774 7 6 0 1
15334 5 4 0 1
25407 5 4 0 1
00694 6 0 0 6

Table 4. Comparison of time bias, azimuth bias, and elevation bias between near-circular and elliptical orbits
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Table 4. Comparison of time bias, azimuth bias, and elevation bias between near-circular and elliptical orbits
Orbital type Total passes Mean time bias/ms Mean azimuth bias/(") Mean altitude bias/(") Mean angular distance/(")
Near-circular orbit 32 59.5 6.8 12.6 14.3
Elliptical orbit 161 80.9 15.3 14.5 21.1

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Hu TAO, Zhulian LI, Kai HUANG, Junfeng CUI, Yuqiang LI. Research on orbital prediction optimization methods for space debris based on time bias correction[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2025, 54(8): 20250141

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Paper Information

Category: 光电测量

Received: Mar. 3, 2025

Accepted: --

Published Online: Aug. 29, 2025

The Author Email: Zhulian LI (lzhl@ynao.ac.cn)

DOI:10.3788/IRLA20250141

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Main parameters of telescope

Table 1. Main parameters of telescope

Table 2. Main parameters of CMOS camera

Table 2. Main parameters of CMOS camera

Table 3. Statistical chart of space debris with positive and negative characteristics in time bias distribution

Table 3. Statistical chart of space debris with positive and negative characteristics in time bias distribution

Table 4. Comparison of time bias, azimuth bias, and elevation bias between near-circular and elliptical orbits

Table 4. Comparison of time bias, azimuth bias, and elevation bias between near-circular and elliptical orbits