Fig. 1. Overall opto-mechanical structure of channel 1 spectrometer

Fig. 2. MTF curves of channel 1 spectrometer at different wavelengths. (a) 190 nm; (b) 320 nm; (c) 450 nm

Fig. 3. Optical layout of ultraviolet ultra-high-resolution spectrometer and its overall structure

Fig. 4. MTF of the imaging system in channel 2 of ultraviolet ultra-high-resolution spectrometer. (a) 370 nm; (b) 385 nm; (c) 400 nm

Fig. 5. MTF of the imaging system in channel 3 of ultraviolet ultra-high-resolution spectrometer. (a) 275 nm; (b) 290 nm; (c) 305 nm

Fig. 6. MTF of the imaging system in channel 4 of ultraviolet ultra-high-resolution spectrometer. (a) 190 nm; (b) 205 nm; (c) 220 nm

Fig. 7. Optical system plan and 3D views of the ultraviolet spectral imager

Fig. 8. MTF of the imaging system in channel 5 of ultraviolet spectral imager

Fig. 9. Flowchart of the radiometric calibration model

Fig. 10. Simulation results of the mission orbit

Fig. 11. Variation of β over time from June 2028 to March 2029

Fig. 12. Satellite-to-Earth distance

Fig. 13. Venus probe launch window search results

Fig. 14. Optimal transfer orbit for Venus probe launch in 2029