Fig. 1. Schematic of femtosecond laser pulse welding of LAS transparent glass-ceramics

Fig. 2. Cross sections of modification areas of LAS transparent glass-ceramic after irradiation by femtosecond lasers with different pulse energies

Fig. 3. Optical microscopy morphologies at welding interface of LAS transparent glass-ceramics under different pulse energies. (a) Lower surface of upper glass; (b) upper surface of lower glass

Fig. 4. Weld seam widths of LAS transparent glass-ceramics after welding with different pulse energies

Fig. 5. Welding strength test of LAS transparent glass-ceramics. (a) Schematic of shear strength test; (b) shear force test curve (E=3.0 μJ); (c) shear strength of LAS transparent glass-ceramics after welding with different pulse energies

Fig. 6. Transmittance curves of LAS transparent glass-ceramics after welding with different pulse energies

Fig. 7. LAS transparent glass-ceramic irradiated by femtosecond laser pulses with pulse energy of 2.5 μJ. (a) Physical diagram of lower LAS transparent glass-ceramic; (b) transmission microscopy image of lower LAS transparent glass-ceramic

Fig. 8. Welding of LAS transparent glass-ceramics at different laser pulse energies and deviations between focus and interface. (a) Welding process windows; (b) curve of shear strength

Fig. 9. XRD patterns of LAS transparent glass-ceramics before and after femtosecond laser irradiation