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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 22, 2202016(2022)

Influence of Nb on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr Congruent Alloy Fabricated Using Laser Directed Energy Deposition

Ningxia Liu, Cunshan Wang*, Yanpeng Liang, and Jingtao Zhang
Author Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory for Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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    References (25)
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    Figures & Tables(20)
    SEM morphologies of mixed powders

    Fig. 1. SEM morphologies of mixed powders

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    X-ray diffraction patterns of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

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    Typical SEM morphologies of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (f) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

    Fig. 3. Typical SEM morphologies of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (f) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

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    Solidus and liquidus temperature curves of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 4. Solidus and liquidus temperature curves of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

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    Growth restriction factors of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 5. Growth restriction factors of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

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    Average microhardness of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 6. Average microhardness of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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    Room temperature compressive stress-strain curves of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 7. Room temperature compressive stress-strain curves of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents

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    Fracture morphologies of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

    Fig. 8. Fracture morphologies of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

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    Friction coefficients and worn volumes of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 9. Friction coefficients and worn volumes of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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    Worn surface morphologies of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

    Fig. 10. Worn surface morphologies of as-deposited alloys with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

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    Potentiodynamic polarization curves of as-deposited alloys in HCl solution

    Fig. 11. Potentiodynamic polarization curves of as-deposited alloys in HCl solution

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    Corroded surface morphologies of as-deposited alloys. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

    Fig. 12. Corroded surface morphologies of as-deposited alloys. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

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    Macro-morphologies and surface roughnesses of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

    Fig. 13. Macro-morphologies and surface roughnesses of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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    Cross sections and spreading angles of single-track laser cladding layers for as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (f) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

    Fig. 14. Cross sections and spreading angles of single-track laser cladding layers for as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with different Nb contents. (a) As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy; (b) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%; (c) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%; (d) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%; (e) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%; (f) as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%

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    • Table 1. Cluster formulas and compositions of designed alloys

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      Table 1. Cluster formulas and compositions of designed alloys

      Atomic fraction of Nb addition /%Cluster formulaComposition
      1.25[Ti-Ti8Zr6](Ti0.8Nb0.2)Ti61.25Zr37.50Nb1.25
      2.50[Ti-Ti8Zr6](Ti0.6Nb0.4)Ti60.00Zr37.50Nb2.50
      3.75[Ti-Ti8Zr6](Ti0.4Nb0.6)Ti58.75Zr37.50Nb3.75
      5.00[Ti-Ti8Zr6](Ti0.2Nb0.8)Ti57.50Zr37.50Nb5.00
      6.25[Ti-Ti8Zr6]Nb1Ti56.25Zr37.50Nb6.25

    • Table 2. Lattice constants of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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      Table 2. Lattice constants of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

      AlloyLattice constant /nmError of lattice constant /nm
      As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy0.33200.0001
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%0.33250.0001
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%0.33510.0002
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%0.33840.0001
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%0.34260.0001
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%0.34330.0002

    • Table 3. Average compositions of β-Ti in as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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      Table 3. Average compositions of β-Ti in as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

      AlloyAtomic fraction /%
      TiZrNb
      As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy61.9838.02－
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%61.6737.121.21
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%59.8437.642.52
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%58.9737.343.69
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%57.5837.285.14
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%55.9037.786.32

    • Table 4. Compressive strength and plasticity of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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      Table 4. Compressive strength and plasticity of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

      AlloyYield strength /MPaUltimate compressive strength /MPaRelative compressibility /%
      As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy830.2870.057.0
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%847.5875.612.6
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%1008.11090.515.5
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%1069.01236.622.6
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%1136.91310.625.5
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%1201.51378.937.2

    • Table 5. Electrochemical properties of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

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      Table 5. Electrochemical properties of as-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy and as-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloys with different Nb contents

      AlloyEcorr /VIcorr /(A·cm－2)
      As-deposited Ti-Zr congruent alloy－0.30009.2578×10－7
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%－0.27858.2657×10－7
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%－0.26296.0722×10－7
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%－0.24584.6813×10－7
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%－0.23201.7429×10－7
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%－0.21431.5812×10－7

    • Table 6. Chemical compositions of corroded surface of as-deposited alloys

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      Table 6. Chemical compositions of corroded surface of as-deposited alloys

      AlloyAtomic fraction /%
      TiZrNbO
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 1.25%58.9125.451.2213.42
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 2.50%56.7826.991.6914.54
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 3.75%54.9027.622.5314.95
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 5.00%54.1126.683.9415.27
      As-deposited Ti-Zr-Nb alloy with Nb atomic fraction of 6.25%53.4327.004.6015.97
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    Ningxia Liu, Cunshan Wang, Yanpeng Liang, Jingtao Zhang. Influence of Nb on Microstructure and Properties of Ti-Zr Congruent Alloy Fabricated Using Laser Directed Energy Deposition[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(22): 2202016

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    Paper Information

    Category: laser manufacturing

    Received: Dec. 24, 2021

    Accepted: Apr. 2, 2022

    Published Online: Nov. 9, 2022

    The Author Email: Wang Cunshan (Laser@dlut.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL202249.2202016

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology