X‐Ray Imaging Detection of Abnormal Teeth and Restorations Based on Improved YOLOv8

Hong Liang; Dingqian Qiu; Shiyu Ding; Kuan Luan

doi:10.3788/CJL241265

Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 3, 0307106(2025)

X‐Ray Imaging Detection of Abnormal Teeth and Restorations Based on Improved YOLOv8

Hong Liang1... Dingqian Qiu2, Shiyu Ding1 and Kuan Luan1,* |Show fewer author(s)

Author Affiliations

¹School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang , China

²School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang , China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Frame diagram of YOLOv8-Dental

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Fig. 2. Illustration of lightweight SGE module

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Fig. 3. Small object detection layer

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Fig. 4. GIoU example diagram

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Fig. 6. Example of panoramic oral film

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Fig. 7. Abnormal teeth and restorations. (a) Dental caries; (b) impacted teeth; (c) implant; (d) root canal treated teeth; (e) filling;

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Fig. 8. Channel contrast diagram

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Fig. 9. Comparison of predicted results. (a) YOLOv8 test results; (b) YOLOv8-Dental test results; (c) heat maps of YOLOv8-Dental test results

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Table 1. Numbers of tags
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Table 1. Numbers of tags
Label type Train set Test set
Caries 477 107
Impacted 584 166
Implant 42 20
RCTT 1336 183
Filling 1515 235
Crown 189 47
Bridge 395 152

Table 2. Comparative experiment results of attention mechanisms

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Table 2. Comparative experiment results of attention mechanisms

Model	P /%	R /%	mAP /%	Params /10⁶	FLOPs /10⁹
Baseline	78.7	83.2	84.6	3.00	8.1
Baseline+DA	81.2	63.6	74.3	3.13	8.2
Baseline+EMA	82.5	77.6	84.1	3.02	8.2
Baseline+CA	79.4	82.4	84.0	3.01	8.1
Baseline+Triplet	80.9	80.6	85.0	3.01	8.1
Baseline+SGE	81.1	85.3	86.5	3.01	8.1

Table 3. Effects of pruning under different acceleration ratios
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Table 3. Effects of pruning under different acceleration ratios
f_Speed-up mAP /% Params /10⁶ FLOPs /10⁹
1.0 88.8 2.93 12.3
1.3 88.9 1.32 9.4
1.5 87.7 1.08 8.2
1.7 89.8 0.91 7.2
2.0 87.6 0.72 6.1

Table 4. Ablation experiment results

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Table 4. Ablation experiment results

Model	P /%	R /%	mAP /%	Params /10⁶	FLOPs /10⁹	FPS /（frame/s）
Baseline	78.7	83.2	84.6	3.01	8.1	501
Baseline+SGE	81.1	85.8	85.6	3.01	8.1	320
Baseline+P2	81.7	85.6	86.7	2.93	12.3	384
Baseline+GIoU	82.3	82.5	85.8	3.01	8.1	330
Baseline+SGE+P2	82.5	83.1	87.7	2.93	12.3	278
Baseline+SGE+P2+GIoU	85.0	83.4	88.8	2.93	12.3	240
Baseline+SGE+P2+GIoU+LAMP （YOLOv8-Dental）	83.9	87.8	89.8	0.91	7.2	409

Table 5. Comparative experiment results of different models

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Table 5. Comparative experiment results of different models

Model	AP /%							mAP /%	Params /10⁶	FLOPs /10⁹
Model	Caries	Impacted	Implant	RCTT	Filling	Crown	Bridge	mAP /%	Params /10⁶	FLOPs /10⁹
Faster R-CNN	17.3	78.8	85.6	73.2	90.0	81.8	78.1	72.1	41.38	184.32
YOLOv3	33.0	83.5	95.9	57.3	85.0	90.3	97.4	77.5	12.13	18.90
YOLOv5	56.3	86.9	96.2	73.7	88.9	95.6	97.3	85.0	2.50	7.10
YOLOv6	38.1	86.3	95.6	73.2	88.3	91.7	94.8	81.1	4.23	11.80
YOLOv7	55.2	87.5	89.2	76.0	90.2	96.0	92.4	83.8	6.02	13.10
YOLOvX	45.5	79.5	86.4	74.5	81.7	83.1	93.4	77.7	5.04	7.58
YOLOv8	62.3	83.5	96.7	72.7	90.7	89.9	96.1	84.6	3.01	8.10
YOLOv8-Dental	81.5	86.4	95.1	80.7	93.0	95.4	96.2	89.8	0.91	7.20

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Hong Liang, Dingqian Qiu, Shiyu Ding, Kuan Luan. X‐Ray Imaging Detection of Abnormal Teeth and Restorations Based on Improved YOLOv8[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(3): 0307106

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