Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of polarization holography^[60]. (a) Recording stage; (b) Reconstruction stage. Figure adapted with permission from ref. [60] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 2. Polarization-sensitive polymer material in our experiment^[65]. (a) Cubic material and (b) the molecular distribution model before exposure; E, electric vector of the light field；(c) Molecular distribution model after exposure. Figure adapted with permission from ref. [65] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 3. Experimental setup^[65]. PBS, polarization beam splitter; HWP, half-wave plate; M, mirror; P, polarizer; L, lens; CCD, charge-coupled device. Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [65] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 4. Intensity and polarization distributions of the vector beam with a polarization order of p=1 and an original azimuthal θ₀=15°^[65]. (a), (f) Simulation and experimental intensity distributions, respectively; (b)~(e) Intensity distributions after the polarizer at P = 15°, 45°, 75°, and 105° in simulation; (g)~(j) Corresponding experimental results. Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [65] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 5. Experimental setup for generating vortex beam^[60]. Where PBS represents polarization beam splitter, BE is beam expander, HWP is half wave plate, QWP is quarter wave plate, P is polarizer, SH is shutter, BS is beam splitter, the 4F imaging system is a linear optical information processing system and M is mirror. The material is cubic-shaped polarization-sensitive polymer material (PQ/ PMMA). Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [60] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 6. Intensity pattern about l=+2 scalar vortex beam^[60]. (a) Experimental result; (b) Simulated result; the interference pattern between plane wave and scalar vortex beam; (c) Experimental result; (d) Simulated result; (e) Intensity distribution along the vertical direction (upper) and the horizontal direction (lower). Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [60] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 7. Experimental setup for generating special beams^[67]. Where HWP is half wave plate, QWP is quarter wave plate, P is polarizer, L is lens. The material is cubic-shaped polarization-sensitive polymer material (PQ/PMMA). The setup for the upper point is used to prepare vector vortex beams and vector beams, and the setup in the lower-left corner is used to prepare scalar vortex beams. The main difference between them is whether P2 is rotated. Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [67] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 8. Simulation results, experimental results, and experimental interference patterns of l=−2, −1, +1, and +2 of scalar vortex beams at (π/2, 0) of the basic Poincaré Sphere^[67]. Figure reprinted with permission from ref. [67] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 9. Results of the vector vortex beam at (2π/3, 0) on the sphere of a hybrid-order Poincaré Sphere (l=−1 and p=+1). Experimental and simulated results for a different orientational P. Results on the right are forked gratings of the experimental vector vortex beam interfered with the right- and left-handed circularly-polarized plane waves, respectively^[67]. Figure adapted with permission from ref. [67] © Optica Publishing Group

Fig. 10. Results of the vector beam at (4π/3, 0) on the sphere of a higher-order Poincaré Sphere (p=+1). Experimental and simulated results for a different orientational P. Results on the right are forked gratings of the experimental vector beam interfered with the right- and left-handed circularly-polarized plane waves, respectively^[67]. Figure adapted with permission from ref. [67] © Optica Publishing Group