Fig. 1. Schematic of structure of graphene optical modulator

Fig. 2. Diagram of the relationship between the real part of refractive index of graphene and driving voltage

Fig. 3. Reflection spectra and electric field distributions with and without driving voltage. (a) Reflection spectrum without voltage; (b) electric field distribution at 850.7 nm without voltage; (c) reflection spectrum with voltage; (d) electric field distribution at 850.7 nm with voltage

Fig. 4. Relationship between wavelength and modulation depth of graphene optical modulator

Fig. 5. Relationship between wavelength and extinction ratio of graphene optical modulator

Fig. 6. Curves of the ratio of output to input of graphene optical modulator versus time. (a) "Close" state; (b) "open" state