Fig. 1. (a) The distribution of each scan line and each FOR of FY-3E/HIRAS-II (arrows refer to the satellite flight direction), (b) the distribution of 9 FOVs in each FOR

Fig. 2. The NEdT distribution of FY-3E HIRAS-II on December 8，2021

Fig. 3. The distribution of FY-3E/HIRAS-II O-B mean deviation with spectrum （the red line is the land，the blue line is the ocean）

Fig. 4. The distribution of FY-3E/HIRAS-II O-B standard deviation with spectrum （the red line is the land，the blue line is the ocean）

Fig. 5. The distribution of O-B mean deviation and deviation standard deviation of each FOV in the FY-3E/HIRAS-II long wave 900 cm^-1 window channel with the scanning angle

Fig. 6. Same as Fig. 5，the 1 855 cm^-1 channel

Fig. 7. The distribution of O-B mean deviation and deviation standard deviation of each FOV in the FY-3E/HIRAS-II short wave 2500 cm^-1 channel with the scanning angle, (a) ocean and (b) land

Fig. 8. Non-local thermodynamic equilibrium effect, (a) the difference between day and night HIRAS-II O-B deviation and (b) the influence of NLTE effect on IASI simulated brightness temperature

Fig. 9. The bias spectrum of （a） HIRAS-II，（b） IASI，（c） double O-B