Fig. 1. Intensity distributions of LG beams with different orders at z=1 m. (a) l=1, p=0; (b) l=2, p=0; (c) l=3, p=0; (d) l=1, p=1; (e) l=1, p=2; (f) l=1, p=3

Fig. 2. Diagram of experimental setup

Fig. 3. Schematic of canonical phase object

Fig. 4. (a) Variation in P1 with φ/π; (b) variation in P0+P2 with φ/π

Fig. 5. Values of Mm/M0,∞ when probing light moves from center of glass plate to edge of glass plate. (a) Mm/M0,∞ for different value of t; (b) Mm/M0,∞ for different value of φ

Fig. 6. Values of Cm/C0,∞ and Mm/M0,∞ when probing light moves from center of glass plate to edge of glass plate. (a) m=0, p=0; (b) m=0, p=1; (c) m=0, p=2; (d) m=1, p=0; (e) m=1, p=1; (f) m=1,p=2