Concentric-Circular Stress-Applying Region-Assisted Panda Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber

Yanan Liu; Xin Yan; Xueguang Yuan; Yang′an Zhang; Xia Zhang

doi:10.3788/AOS230674

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 43, Issue 20, 2006001(2023)

Concentric-Circular Stress-Applying Region-Assisted Panda Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber

Yanan Liu, Xin Yan, Xueguang Yuan, Yang′an Zhang, and Xia Zhang^*

State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China

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Figures & Tables(9)

Fig. 1. Schematic of fiber structure. (a) Overall cross section of optical fiber; (b) schematic of enlarged geometrical structure of the fiber core

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$At 1550 nm, effective refractive index neff and effective refractive index difference ∆neff as a function of bx. (a) Variation of neff with bx; (b) variation of ∆neff with bx$

Fig. 2. At 1550 nm, effective refractive index n_eff and effective refractive index difference $∆$ n_eff as a function of b_x. (a) Variation of n_eff with b_x; (b) variation of $∆$ n_eff with b_x

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$At 1550 nm, effective refractive index neff and effective refractive index difference ∆neff as a function of by. (a) Variation of neff with by; (b) variation of ∆neff with by$

Fig. 3. At 1550 nm, effective refractive index n_eff and effective refractive index difference $∆$ n_eff as a function of b_y. (a) Variation of n_eff with b_y; (b) variation of $∆$ n_eff with b_y

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$Effective refractive index neff and effective refractive index difference ∆neff as a function of λ. (a) Variation of neff with λ without concentric-circular stress-applying region; (b) variation of neff with λ with concentric-circular stress-applying region; (c) variation of ∆neff with λ without concentric-circular stress-applying region; (d) variation of ∆neff with λ with concentric-circular stress-applying region$

Fig. 4. Effective refractive index n_eff and effective refractive index difference $∆$ n_eff as a function of $λ$ . (a) Variation of n_eff with $λ$ without concentric-circular stress-applying region; (b) variation of n_eff with $λ$ with concentric-circular stress-applying region; (c) variation of $∆$ n_eff with $λ$ without concentric-circular stress-applying region; (d) variation of $∆$ n_eff with $λ$ with concentric-circular stress-applying region

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$At 1550 nm, effective refractive index neff and effective refractive index difference ∆neff as a function of R. (a) Variation of neff with R; (b) variation of ∆neff with R$

Fig. 5. At 1550 nm, effective refractive index n_eff and effective refractive index difference $∆$ n_eff as a function of R. (a) Variation of n_eff with R; (b) variation of $∆$ n_eff with R

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Fig. 6. Transverse electrical fields, amplitudes, and polarization directions of each mode at 1550 nm. (a) $L P_{01}^{y}$ ; (b) $L P_{01}^{x}$ ; (c) $L P_{11 a}^{y}$ ; (d) $L P_{11 a}^{x}$ ; (e) $L P_{11 b}^{x}$ ; (f) $L P_{11 b}^{y}$ ; (g) $L P_{21 a}^{x}$ ; (h) $L P_{21 a}^{y}$ ; (i) $L P_{21 b}^{x}$ ; (j) $L P_{21 b}^{y}$

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Fig. 7. Dispersions of 10 modes in the C-band

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Table 1. Data of $n_{e f f}^{'}$ , $n_{e f f}^{″}$ , $Δ n_{e f f}^{'}$ , $Δ n_{e f f}^{″}$ , and A_eff

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Table 1. Data of $n_{e f f}^{'}$ , $n_{e f f}^{″}$ , $Δ n_{e f f}^{'}$ , $Δ n_{e f f}^{″}$ , and A_eff

Mode	$n_{e f f}^{'}$	$n_{e f f}^{″}$	$Δ n_{e f f}^{'}$ /10^-4	$Δ n_{e f f}^{″}$ /10^-4	A_eff /μm²
$L P_{01}^{y}$	1.45512	1.45669	2.0	1.7	37
$L P_{01}^{x}$	1.45492	1.45652	4.3	6.0	41
$L P_{11 a}^{y}$	1.45449	1.45592	3.3	3.2	30
$L P_{11 a}^{x}$	1.45416	1.45560	57.0	38.6	31
$L P_{11 b}^{x}$	1.44846	1.45174	4.7	3.2	46
$L P_{11 b}^{y}$	1.44799	1.45142	28.1	34.6	50
$L P_{21 a}^{x}$	1.44518	1.44796	2.0	0.3	42
$L P_{21 a}^{y}$	1.44498	1.44793	2.2	0.2	46
$L P_{21 b}^{x}$	1.44476	1.44791	2.0	0.9	41
$L P_{21 b}^{y}$	1.44456	1.44782	—	—	42

Table 2. Research data of few-mode fiber reported in recent years

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Table 2. Research data of few-mode fiber reported in recent years

Ref.	Mode number	Min. $∆$ n_eff /10^-4 （at 1550 nm）	Min $. ∆$ n_eff /10^-4（in wide band）	Dispersion /（ps·nm^-1·km^-1）	Max. $L_{b}$ /（dB·m^-1）
［10］	8	1.19	1.12（at C-band）	—	10^-5（at 1 cm）
［14］	16	1	1（at C-band）	≤\|25\|	1（at 8 mm）
［15］	10	—	1.32（at C+L-band）	<\|60\|	—
［16］	10	1.65	1.52（at 1510-1630 nm）	≤\|-36\|	10^-10（at 5 cm）
［17］	10	1.93	1.8（at 1510-1630 nm）	<\|-70\|	10^-8（at 3 cm）
［18］	14	1.3	1.25（at 1520-1580 nm）	—	—
This paper	10	2	1.8（at C-band）	<\|-56\|	10^-7（at 9.5 cm）

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Yanan Liu, Xin Yan, Xueguang Yuan, Yang′an Zhang, Xia Zhang. Concentric-Circular Stress-Applying Region-Assisted Panda Polarization-Maintaining Few-Mode Fiber[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(20): 2006001

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