Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 49, Issue 16, 1602012(2022)
Experimental Research on Optimizing Process Parameters of Femtosecond Laser Finishing of Face Gear
Figures & Tables(24)
Fig. 6. Ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA versus femtosecond laser power
Fig. 7. Ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA versus femtosecond laser repetition frequency
Fig. 8. Ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA versus femtosecond laser scanning speed
Fig. 9. Ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA versus femtosecond laser scanning track spacing
Fig. 10. Ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA versus femtosecond laser defocusing distance
Fig. 13. Three-dimensional super-depth of field microscopy image of scanning track
Fig. 14. Ablation depth values measured in different positions with ultra-depth of field microscope
Fig. 15. Hommel T8000 profilometer measurement results. (a) Original contour; (b) roughness profile
Table 1. Single factor experiment results of femtosecond laser finishing face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA
View tableTable 1. Single factor experiment results of femtosecond laser finishing face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA
No. Power P /W Frequency f /kHz Scanning speed v /(mm·s－1) Scanning track pitch L /μm Defocusing distance J /mm Depth /μm Roughness /μm 1 1.5 100 120 10 0 2.835 0.185 2 2 100 120 10 0 4.362 0.243 3 3 100 120 10 0 5.868 0.328 4 4 100 120 10 0 6.175 0.369 5 1.5 200 120 10 0 3.127 0.191 6 1.5 300 120 10 0 3.476 0.229 7 1.5 400 120 10 0 4.183 0.277 8 1.5 500 120 10 0 4.590 0.362 9 1.5 100 50 10 0 5.782 0.295 10 1.5 100 80 10 0 4.069 0.233 11 1.5 100 100 10 0 3.726 0.214 12 1.5 100 130 10 0 2.593 0.169 13 1.5 100 120 5 0 4.311 0.177 14 1.5 100 120 15 0 3.180 0.244 15 1.5 100 120 20 0 3.419 0.365 16 1.5 100 120 10 －0.2 2.219 0.235 17 1.5 100 120 10 －0.1 2.313 0.221 18 1.5 100 120 10 0.1 2.181 0.206 19 1.5 100 120 10 0.2 1.850 0.213
Table 2. Factor level table
View tableTable 2. Factor level table
Level P /mJ f /kHz v /(mm·s－1) L /μm J /mm A B C D E 1 1.5 250 65 10 －0.1 2 2 300 70 12 0 3 3 350 75 14 0.1 4 4 400 80 16 0.2
Table 3. Orthogonal experimental design and result
View tableTable 3. Orthogonal experimental design and result
No. Level Depth /μm Roughness /μm A B C D E 1 1 1 1 1 1 4.269 0.261 2 1 2 2 2 2 4.726 0.285 3 1 3 3 3 3 4.077 0.228 4 1 4 4 4 4 3.211 0.204 5 2 1 2 3 4 4.007 0.267 6 2 2 1 4 3 4.926 0.293 7 2 3 4 1 2 4.267 0.252 8 2 4 3 2 1 3.625 0.229 9 3 1 3 4 2 5.362 0.327 10 3 2 4 3 1 4.633 0.314 11 3 3 1 2 4 4.301 0.319 12 3 4 2 1 3 4.829 0.370 13 4 1 4 2 3 5.426 0.366 14 4 2 3 1 4 5.227 0.341 15 4 3 2 4 1 6.029 0.373 16 4 4 1 3 2 6.347 0.421
Table 4. Range analysis table
View tableTable 4. Range analysis table
Item Level average P /mJ f /kHz v /(mm·s－1) L /μm J /mm Ablation depth k1 4.071 4.766 4.961 4.648 4.639 k2 4.206 4.878 4.898 4.520 5.176 k3 4.781 4.669 4.572 4.766 4.815 k4 5.757 4.503 4.384 4.882 4.187 Range 1.656 0.375 0.577 0.362 0.989 Preferred plan A4B2C1D4E2 Order of influence A>E>C>B>D Roughness k1 0.245 0.305 0.324 0.306 0.294 k2 0.260 0.308 0.324 0.300 0.321 k3 0.333 0.293 0.281 0.308 0.314 k4 0.375 0.306 0.284 0.299 0.283 Range 0.130 0.015 0.043 0.009 0.038 Preferred plan A1B3C3D4E4 Order of influence A>C>E>B>D
Table 5. Variance analysis table
View tableTable 5. Variance analysis table
Item Source of variance Sum of squared deviations S Degree of freedom d Mean square sum S/d F value(MU/MZ) Significance Ablation depth A 7.0563 3 2.3521 26.5474 ▲▲▲ B 0.3031 3 0.1010 1.1400 ▲ C 0.8917 3 0.2972 3.3544 ▲ D 0.2908 3 0.0969 1.0937 ▲ E 2.0262 3 0.6754 7.6230 ▲▲▲ Random 1.0632 12 0.0886 Sum 11.6313 15 Roughness A 0.04536 3 0.01512 10.7552 ▲▲▲ B 0.00057 3 0.00019 0.1352 ▲ C 0.00674 3 0.00225 1.5981 ▲ D 0.00022 3 0.00007 0.0523 ▲ E 0.00378 3 0.00126 0.8963 ▲ Random 0.01687 12 0.00141 Sum 0.07354 15
Table 6. Multiple regression analysis results of scanning track ablation depth
View tableTable 6. Multiple regression analysis results of scanning track ablation depth
Regression parameter Parameter Coefficient Standard error t statistic P value Lower 95% Intercept 6.0212 1.7352 3.4700 0.0060 2.1550 α 0.6782 0.1556 5.8672 1.5×10－4 0.4206 β －0.0020 0.0020 －1.0059 0.3382 －0.0064 δ －0.0411 0.0199 －2.0700 0.0653 －0.8532 ε 0.0474 0.0496 0.9556 0.3618 －0.0632 γ －1.1718 0.9930 －1.7313 0.1141 －3.9302
Table 7. Multiple regression analysis results of tooth surface roughness
View tableTable 7. Multiple regression analysis results of tooth surface roughness
Regression parameters Parameter Coefficient Standard error t statistic P value Lower 95% Intercept 0.4108 0.0989 4.1543 0.0020 0.1905 α 0.0551 0.0067 8.3560 8×10－5 0.0404 β －2.6×10－5 0.0001 －0.2298 0.8228 －2.78×10－4 δ －0.0032 0.0011 －2.8465 0.0174 －0.0057 ε －0.0006 0.0028 －0.2210 0.8295 －0.0069 γ －0.0415 0.0566 －0.7337 0.4800 －0.1675
Table 8. Material characteristics and laser parameters
View tableTable 8. Material characteristics and laser parameters
Parameter Symbol and unit Numerical value Parameter Symbol Numerical value Absorption coefficient b /m－1 4.97×107 Waist radius w0 /μm 23.14 Absorption rate β 20% Frequency f /kHz 300 Laser power P /W 3 Energy density F0 /(J·cm－2) 1.59 Pulse width τp /fs 828 Wavelength λ /nm 1030 Scanning speed v /(mm·s－1) 65 Scanning track pitch ΔL /μm 16
Table 9. Predicted and experimental scanning track ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA
View tableTable 9. Predicted and experimental scanning track ablation depth and tooth surface roughness of face gear material 18Cr2Ni4WA
Parameter Regression prediction value Simulation value Experimental value Scanning track ablation depth 5.83 5.682 5.376 Tooth surface roughness 0.554 0.506
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Xingzu Ming, Binrui Fan, Chuying Li, Lei Yuan, Tao Wu, Rui Ming. Experimental Research on Optimizing Process Parameters of Femtosecond Laser Finishing of Face Gear[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2022, 49(16): 1602012
Paper Information
Category: laser manufacturing
Received: Nov. 6, 2021
Accepted: Dec. 22, 2021
Published Online: Jul. 28, 2022
The Author Email: Fan Binrui (1144293434@qq.com), Ming Rui (844153340@qq.com)
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