Fig. 1. Schematic of laser stir welding system

Fig. 2. Schematic of laser stir welding of CFRTP/aluminum alloy

Fig. 3. Schematic of tensile specimen

Fig. 4. Jointing strength and tensile-fracture morphology of welded joints of CFRTP/aluminum alloy from different laser welding methods. (a) Jointing strength; (b) tensile-fracture morphology

Fig. 5. Section morphologies of welded joints of CFRTP/Al alloy from different laser welding methods. (a) Laser linear welding; (b) laser stir welding

Fig. 6. Effects of welding parameters on joint strength of welded joint. (a) Laser power; (b) welding speed; (c) stir amplitude; (d) stir frequency

Fig. 7. Finite element model

Fig. 8. Temperature cloud diagrams in one period of laser stir welding. (a) t=0; (b) t=T1/4; (c) t=T1/2; (d) t=3T1/4; (e) t=T1

Fig. 9. Schematic of node selection on center line of welded joint and temperature as function of time. (a) Schematic of node selection;(b) temperature as function of time at different nodes; (c) temperature of point 5 as function of time

Fig. 10. Definitions of weld depth and weld width in numerical simulation. (a) Weld depth Wd; (b) weld width Wa

Fig. 11. Experimental measurement of weld depth Wd and weld width Wa

Fig. 12. Comparison between simulated and experimental results. (a) Weld depth Wd; (b) weld width Wa