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Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 23, Issue 10, 102602(2025)

Tunable autofocus and unconventional OAM through dislocation in superimposed swallowtail vortex beams

Xiaoying Tang1, Nana Liu1、*, Shunyu Liu1, Nan Wang1, Shaozhou Jiang1, Yuxuan Ren2, Peilong Hong3,4、**, and Yi Liang1、***
Author Affiliations
  • 1Guangxi Key Lab for Relativistic Astrophysics, Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
  • 2Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
  • 3School of Mathematics and Physics, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, China
  • 4The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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    Generation of DSVBs (N = 4). (a) Intensity distribution of the initial plane (N = 4). c0 determines the distance of each superposed catastrophe beam from the center. (b) Phase profile (N = 4). θ represents the azimuth between the superposed components within DSVBs. (c) 3D propagation.

    Fig. 1. Generation of DSVBs (N = 4). (a) Intensity distribution of the initial plane (N = 4). c0 determines the distance of each superposed catastrophe beam from the center. (b) Phase profile (N = 4). θ represents the azimuth between the superposed components within DSVBs. (c) 3D propagation.

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    Propagation dynamics of DSVBs (N = 4). (a1) Experimental setup. L, lens; F, filter; SLM, spatial light modulator; CCD, charge-coupled device. (a2) Holographic image of (b1) loaded on the SLM. (b1)–(b3) l = 2; (c1)–(c3) l = 0; (d1)–(d3) l = −2. (b1)–(d1), (b2)–(d2) Intensity distributions of DSVBs at the initial plane and focal planes. (b3)–(d3) Side views.

    Fig. 2. Propagation dynamics of DSVBs (N = 4). (a1) Experimental setup. L, lens; F, filter; SLM, spatial light modulator; CCD, charge-coupled device. (a2) Holographic image of (b1) loaded on the SLM. (b1)–(b3) l = 2; (c1)–(c3) l = 0; (d1)–(d3) l = −2. (b1)–(d1), (b2)–(d2) Intensity distributions of DSVBs at the initial plane and focal planes. (b3)–(d3) Side views.

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    Experimental and numerical (inset) results of propagation of DSVBs when the superimposed number N equals the value of TC (N = |l|). (a1)–(a3)N = −l = 4; (b1)–(b3) N = −l = 6; (c1)–(c3) N = −l = 8. (a1)–(c1) The initial profiles. (a2)–(c2) The focal plane z = 121, 119, and 129 mm. (a3)–(c3) Propagation side views. White lines represent the intensity distributions of DSVBs. More details are shown in Video 6, Video 7, and Video 8.

    Fig. 3. Experimental and numerical (inset) results of propagation of DSVBs when the superimposed number N equals the value of TC (N = |l|). (a1)–(a3)N = −l = 4; (b1)–(b3) N = −l = 6; (c1)–(c3) N = −l = 8. (a1)–(c1) The initial profiles. (a2)–(c2) The focal plane z = 121, 119, and 129 mm. (a3)–(c3) Propagation side views. White lines represent the intensity distributions of DSVBs. More details are shown in Video 6, Video 7, and Video 8.

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    Transverse power flow at initial plane z = 1 mm. (a1)–(a3) The power flow of DSVBs (N = 4) with different TCs. (a1) l = 2; (a2) l = 0; (a3) l = −2. (b1)–(b3) The power flow for (b1) N = −l = 4; (b2) N = −l = 6; (b3) N = −l = 8. Black arrows represent the directions of the Poynting vector. Dynamic videos are shown in Video 9, Video 10, Video 11, Video 12, Video 13, and Video 14.

    Fig. 4. Transverse power flow at initial plane z = 1 mm. (a1)–(a3) The power flow of DSVBs (N = 4) with different TCs. (a1) l = 2; (a2) l = 0; (a3) l = −2. (b1)–(b3) The power flow for (b1) N = −l = 4; (b2) N = −l = 6; (b3) N = −l = 8. Black arrows represent the directions of the Poynting vector. Dynamic videos are shown in Video 9, Video 10, Video 11, Video 12, Video 13, and Video 14.

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    Longitudinal AMD (backgrounds) and OAM spectrum. (a1)–(f1) AMD of DSVBs at the initial plane. (a2)–(f2) OAM spectrum of DSVBs. (a1), (a2) N = −l = 8; (b1), (b2) N = −l = 6; (c1), (c2) N = −l = 4; (d1), (d2) N = 4, l = 2; (e1), (e2) N = 4, l =0; (f1), (f2) N = 4, l = −2. (g) Specific simulation values for longitudinal OAM of DSVBs changing with different superimposed numbers N and TCs l, and the OAM evolving trend with TCs (l) when N = 4 (line chart).

    Fig. 5. Longitudinal AMD (backgrounds) and OAM spectrum. (a1)–(f1) AMD of DSVBs at the initial plane. (a2)–(f2) OAM spectrum of DSVBs. (a1), (a2) N = −l = 8; (b1), (b2) N = −l = 6; (c1), (c2) N = −l = 4; (d1), (d2) N = 4, l = 2; (e1), (e2) N = 4, l =0; (f1), (f2) N = 4, l = −2. (g) Specific simulation values for longitudinal OAM of DSVBs changing with different superimposed numbers N and TCs l, and the OAM evolving trend with TCs (l) when N = 4 (line chart).

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    Trapping force. (a) Transverse gradient force and (b) scattering force of DSVBs (N = 4) with different TCs in the focus plane. Force distributions at (c1) z = 1 mm and focal plane. (c2) l = 2; (c3) l = 0; (c4) l = −2.

    Fig. 6. Trapping force. (a) Transverse gradient force and (b) scattering force of DSVBs (N = 4) with different TCs in the focus plane. Force distributions at (c1) z = 1 mm and focal plane. (c2) l = 2; (c3) l = 0; (c4) l = −2.

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    Xiaoying Tang, Nana Liu, Shunyu Liu, Nan Wang, Shaozhou Jiang, Yuxuan Ren, Peilong Hong, Yi Liang, "Tunable autofocus and unconventional OAM through dislocation in superimposed swallowtail vortex beams," Chin. Opt. Lett. 23, 102602 (2025)

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    Paper Information

    Category: Physical Optics

    Received: Apr. 23, 2025

    Accepted: Jun. 5, 2025

    Published Online: Sep. 9, 2025

    The Author Email: Nana Liu (liunana1232021@126.com), Peilong Hong (p.l.hong@aqnu.edu.cn), Yi Liang (liangyi@gxu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/COL202523.102602

    CSTR:32184.14.COL202523.102602

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology