Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental set-up for pulse laser+pulsed GMAW hybrid welding

Fig. 2. Schematic of optical system for metal transfer

Fig. 3. Schematics of output waveforms matching for pulse GMAW and pulse laser. (a) Waveform of current for pulse GMAW; (b) waveform of voltage for pulse GMAW; (c) output waveform of pulse laser

Fig. 4. Plasma forms at different hybrid welding modes. (a) 6 kW continue laser+pulse GMAW; (b) 500 Hz pulse laser+pulse GMAW, -1 ms<φ<0 ms; (c) 500 Hz pulse laser+pulse GMAW, 0 ms<φ<1 ms

Fig. 5. Photographs of droplet transfer at different hybrid welding modes. (a) 6 kW continue laser+ pulse GMAW; (b) 500 Hz pulse laser+pulse GMAW

Fig. 6. One plus two droplet transfer phenomenon in case of pulse laser+pulse GMAW hybrid welding

Fig. 7. Cross-section of weld seam obtained at different hybrid welding modes. (a) Continue laser+pulse GMAW; (b) pulse laser+pulse GMAW

Fig. 8. Initial diffusion state of particles when the laser acts on workpiece

Fig. 9. Schematic of electromagnetic field generated by the power output and the direction of the electromagnetic force of positive ions

Fig. 10. Schematic of forces affecting droplet in hybrid welding