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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 51, Issue 16, 1602202(2024)

Microstructure Evolution and Wear Resistance Enhancement of H13 Steel Powder Repaired 45 Steel Using Laser Composite Remanufacturing

Ziqi Luo1, Changyu Wang1, Zhao Wang1, Fubing Lin1, Jinzhong Lu1、*, and Kaiyu Luo1,2、**
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu , China
  • 2The State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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    Diagrams of laser composite remanufacturing process. (a) Photo of LDED equipment; (b) photo of LSP equipment; (c) schematic diagram of LDED; (d) schematic diagram of LSP

    Fig. 1. Diagrams of laser composite remanufacturing process. (a) Photo of LDED equipment; (b) photo of LSP equipment; (c) schematic diagram of LDED; (d) schematic diagram of LSP

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    Morphology of LDED repaired samples before and after LSP. (a) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (b) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (c) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

    Fig. 2. Morphology of LDED repaired samples before and after LSP. (a) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (b) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (c) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

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    Surface residual stress distribution of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

    Fig. 3. Surface residual stress distribution of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

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    Surface microhardness of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

    Fig. 4. Surface microhardness of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

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    XRD spectra and their magnification of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

    Fig. 5. XRD spectra and their magnification of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

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    EBSD diagrams of cross-section of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (c) LDED-1500 W sample; (d) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (e) LDED-1800 W sample; (f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample; (g) magnified microstructure of LDED sample; (h) magnified microstructure of LDED+LSP sample

    Fig. 6. EBSD diagrams of cross-section of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (c) LDED-1500 W sample; (d) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (e) LDED-1800 W sample; (f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample; (g) magnified microstructure of LDED sample; (h) magnified microstructure of LDED+LSP sample

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    Typical TEM images of LDED repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1800 W sample; (c1) high magnification of fine needle-like tissue shown in the square area of LDED-1200 W sample TEM image; (c2)‒(c4) fine needle-like tissue image captured by electron microscopy and EDS analysis of major elements of the fine needle-like tissue

    Fig. 7. Typical TEM images of LDED repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1800 W sample; (c1) high magnification of fine needle-like tissue shown in the square area of LDED-1200 W sample TEM image; (c2)‒(c4) fine needle-like tissue image captured by electron microscopy and EDS analysis of major elements of the fine needle-like tissue

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    Typical TEM images of the LSPed surface layer of LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) Cross-sectional image along the depth direction; (b1) nanograins; (b2) dark-field (DF) image of nanograins; (c1)‒(c2) dislocation tangles (DTs) and dislocation cells (DCs)

    Fig. 8. Typical TEM images of the LSPed surface layer of LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) Cross-sectional image along the depth direction; (b1) nanograins; (b2) dark-field (DF) image of nanograins; (c1)‒(c2) dislocation tangles (DTs) and dislocation cells (DCs)

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    Friction coefficient curves of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

    Fig. 9. Friction coefficient curves of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples

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    Confocal scan images of wear surface of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1500 W sample; (c) LDED-1800 W sample; (d) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (e) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

    Fig. 10. Confocal scan images of wear surface of LDED and LDED+LSP repaired samples. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1500 W sample; (c) LDED-1800 W sample; (d) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (e) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

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    SEM images of wear surface of LDED samples with magnification and elemental distributions of the square areas. (a)(d) LDED-1200 W sample; (b)(e) LDED-1500 W sample; (c)(f) LDED-1800 W sample

    Fig. 11. SEM images of wear surface of LDED samples with magnification and elemental distributions of the square areas. (a)(d) LDED-1200 W sample; (b)(e) LDED-1500 W sample; (c)(f) LDED-1800 W sample

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    SEM images of wear surface of LDED+LSP samples with magnification and elemental distributions of the square areas. (a)(d) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (b)(e) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (c)(f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

    Fig. 12. SEM images of wear surface of LDED+LSP samples with magnification and elemental distributions of the square areas. (a)(d) LDED-1200 W+LSP sample; (b)(e) LDED-1500 W+LSP sample; (c)(f) LDED-1800 W+LSP sample

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    Schematic diagrams of friction and wear mechanism under dry sliding conditions. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1800 W sample; (c) LDED+LSP typical sample

    Fig. 13. Schematic diagrams of friction and wear mechanism under dry sliding conditions. (a) LDED-1200 W sample; (b) LDED-1800 W sample; (c) LDED+LSP typical sample

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    • Table 1. Chemical composition of 45 steel matrix

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      Table 1. Chemical composition of 45 steel matrix

      ElementMass fraction /%
      C0.42‒0.50
      Cr0.22‒0.28
      Si0.17‒0.37
      Mn0.5‒0.8
      S≤0.035
      P≤0.035
      FeBal.

    • Table 2. Chemical composition of H13 tool steel powder

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      Table 2. Chemical composition of H13 tool steel powder

      ElementMass fraction /%
      C0.32‒0.45
      Cr4.75‒5.5
      Si0.8‒1.2
      Mn0.2‒0.5
      V0.8‒1.2
      Mo1.10‒1.75
      FeBal.

    • Table 3. Comparison of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of α(110), α(200), and α(211) in LDED samples

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      Table 3. Comparison of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of α(110), α(200), and α(211) in LDED samples

      Lattice

      plane

      		FWHM（2θ）/（°）
      LDED-1200 WLDED-1500 WLDED-1800 W
      α（110）0.2250.3190.327
      α（200）0.3450.5790.652
      α（211）0.3430.5610.594

    • Table 4. Comparison of FWHM of α(110), α(200), and α(211) in LDED+LSP samples

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      Table 4. Comparison of FWHM of α(110), α(200), and α(211) in LDED+LSP samples

      Lattice

      plane

      		FWHM（2θ）/（°）
      LDED-1200 W+LSPLDED-1500 W+LSPLDED-1800 W+LSP
      α（110）0.2670.3350.361
      α（200）0.4450.6130.683
      α（211）0.4780.5920.659
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    Ziqi Luo, Changyu Wang, Zhao Wang, Fubing Lin, Jinzhong Lu, Kaiyu Luo. Microstructure Evolution and Wear Resistance Enhancement of H13 Steel Powder Repaired 45 Steel Using Laser Composite Remanufacturing[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2024, 51(16): 1602202

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    Paper Information

    Category: Laser Surface Machining

    Received: Sep. 11, 2023

    Accepted: Oct. 13, 2023

    Published Online: Mar. 22, 2024

    The Author Email: Lu Jinzhong (blueesky2005@163.com), Luo Kaiyu (kyluo@ujs.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL231187

    CSTR:32183.14.CJL231187

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology