Overview of Low Light Detection and Application of FY-3 Early Morning Satellite

Xiuqing Hu; Hanlie Xu; Songtao Lei; Ling Wang; Tianlei Yu; Yang Wang; Yu Gao; Shensen Hu; Na Xu; Lin Chen; Wei Yan; Ling Sun; Lei Ding; Peng Zhang

doi:10.3788/AOS202242.1200003

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 42, Issue 12, 1200003(2022)

Overview of Low Light Detection and Application of FY-3 Early Morning Satellite

Xiuqing Hu^1,2, Hanlie Xu^1,2、*, Songtao Lei³, Ling Wang^1,2, Tianlei Yu^1,2, Yang Wang³, Yu Gao⁵, Shensen Hu⁴, Na Xu^1,2, Lin Chen^1,2, Wei Yan⁴, Ling Sun^1,2, Lei Ding³, and Peng Zhang^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, National Satellite Meteorological Center (National Center for Space Weather), China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China

²Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite (FYSIC), Beijing 100081, China

³Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China

⁴College of Meteorology and Oceanology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, Hunan, China

⁵Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. FY-3E/MERSI-LL instrument model and low-light band detector arrangement. (a) Instrument model diagram; (b) low-light band detector arrangement

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Fig. 2. Schematic diagrams of design of on-board calibrator of FY-3E/MERSI-LL. (a) Schematic diagram of field of view of calibrator and incidence angle of sun (Y_b is direction pointing to cold air, and Z_b is direction pointing to Earth); (b) schematic diagram of MERSI-LL LLB on-board calibration

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Fig. 3. Preprocessing of FY-3E/MERSI-LL LLB

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Fig. 4. Ground verification scene of LLB accuracy

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Fig. 5. Calibration accuracy verification of MERSI-LL LLB based on SNO during August 10 to 30, 2021 (reference instrument: JPSS-1/VIIRS). (a) Scatter diagram of SNO matching data; (b) relative bias distribution of SNO matching data

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Fig. 6. Global imagery of FY-3E orbital NCC products on February 23, 2022

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Fig. 7. MERSI-LL low-light band image with L1 data and HGS image after removal of stray light at 22:15 on January 2, 2022 (UTC). (a) Original image of L1 data; (b) image after removal of stray light in Fig. 7(a), only showing pure nighttime regions (solar zenith angle is larger than 101°)

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Fig. 8. Nighttime light image of FY-3E in part of Asian area on December 2021

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Table 1. Parameters of domestic and foreign low-light imaging satellites and instrument

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Table 1. Parameters of domestic and foreign low-light imaging satellites and instrument

Satellite	Country	Sensor	Range of spectralband /nm	Spatialresolution /m	Swath /km	Quantization /bit	Application
DMSP	USA	OLS	400--900	2700	3000	6	Weather monitoring ormilitary reconnaissance,cloud detection,lighting, fire, and otherapplications
NPP/JPSS-1	USA	VIIRS/DNB	500--900	750	3040	14 (HGS);13 (LGS/MGS)	Quantitative nighttimedata detection, andclouds, fishing boats,and fire detection
InternationalSpaceStation(ISS)	USA/Russia	LSO	Lightning:400--1000;Sprite: 763(757.6--768.4)	400	~200	10	Lightning detectionand city light
EROS-B	Israel	Panchromaticband sensor	500--900	0.7	-	16	Commercial highresolution night dataacquisition services
LJ-1 01	China	Nighttimelight remotesensingcamera	480--800	130	260	12	Highly sensitivedetection of night lightscenes with largedynamic range
SDGSAT-1	China	Low lightimager	450--900(blue: 430--520;green: 520--615;red: 615--900)	10(panchromatic);40 (RGB)	300	12	Sustainabledevelopment goalmonitoring andevaluation
FY-3E	China	MERSI-LL/LLB	500--900	1000	2500	12	Imaging andquantitative remotesensing applications forlarge dynamic range

Table 2. Instrument parameters of MERSI-LL

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Table 2. Instrument parameters of MERSI-LL

Serial number	Characteristic	Specification
1	Detector channels	1 channel for low light band, 6 channels for infrared bands
2	Quantization	12 bit
3	Scanned area	-54.7°-50°
4	Scanner speed	40 r·min^-1
5	Number of scan line sampling points	1536(~1000 m), 6144(~250 m)
6	Scanning stability	Stability of scanning period is smaller than0.25 pixel integration time
7	Band MTF (modulation transfer function)	> 0.3
8	Band registration	Inter-channel registration accuracy is <0.25 pixel
9	Instrument life expectancy	>8 a

Table 3. Channel performance of MERSI-LL

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Table 3. Channel performance of MERSI-LL

Bandnumber	Spectral bandcenter /μm	Maximum detectableradiance L_max ormaximum brightnesstemperature T_max	Minimum detectableradiance L_min orminimum brightnesstemperature T_min	Typical radianceL_typ ortypical brightnesstemperature T_typ	Sensitivity	Measurementaccuracy
1	0.70	9×10^-4 W·m^-2·sr^-1	3×10^-5 W·m^-2·sr^-1	4×10^-5 W·m^-2·sr^-1(night),	7	50%
				5×10^-4 W·m^-2·sr^-1(day)	200	10%
2	3.80	350 K	186 K	300 K	0.25 K	0.4 K
3	4.05	380 K	185 K	300 K	0.25 K	0.4 K
4	7.20	270 K	186 K	270 K	0.30 K	0.4 K
5	8.55	330 K	185 K	270 K	0.25 K	0.4 K
6	10.80	345 K	185 K	300 K	0.30 K	0.4 K
7	12.00	345 K	185 K	300 K	0.30 K	0.4 K

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Xiuqing Hu, Hanlie Xu, Songtao Lei, Ling Wang, Tianlei Yu, Yang Wang, Yu Gao, Shensen Hu, Na Xu, Lin Chen, Wei Yan, Ling Sun, Lei Ding, Peng Zhang. Overview of Low Light Detection and Application of FY-3 Early Morning Satellite[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2022, 42(12): 1200003

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Paper Information

Category: Reviews

Received: Mar. 1, 2022

Accepted: May. 12, 2022

Published Online: Jun. 7, 2022

The Author Email: Xu Hanlie (xuhanlie@cma.gov.cn)

DOI:10.3788/AOS202242.1200003

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology