Grayscale Distortion Correction Method for Hysteresis Characteristics of Electrowetting Display

Fig. 2. Hysteresis curves at different voltages

Fig. 3. The actual display effect of 15 V under hysteresis characteristics

Fig. 4. Aperture ratio test platform

Fig. 5. Aperture ratio hysteresis characteristic test waveforms

Fig. 6. Comparison of luminance curves of each gray level before and after correction

Fig. 7. Relative luminance difference before and after correction under different gray level

Fig. 8. Luminance difference before and after correction under the same gray level with different hysteresis starting voltage

Fig. 9. Electrowetting physical display effect

Table 1. Instrument and corresponding model
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Table 1. Instrument and corresponding model
Instrument Microscope Arbitrary waveform generator Power amplifier PC
Model Chongqing Optec SZ680 Tektronix AFG3052C Aigtek Ata-2161 Acer VNitro

Table 2. Device parameters for the screen
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Table 2. Device parameters for the screen
Device parameters Screen size Pixel size Resolution Oil color
Value 100 mm×100 mm 150 μm×150 μm 320×240 Magenta

Table 3. Fitting results of polynomial functions to the 1st-3rd power in the 25 V~10 V descent phase
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Table 3. Fitting results of polynomial functions to the 1st-3rd power in the 25 V~10 V descent phase
Fitting function Number of coefficients SSE R squared Adjust R² RMSE
$A x + B$ 2 540.83 0.938 31 0.937 9 1.880 1
$A x^{2} + B x + C$ 3 49.006 0.994 41 0.994 34 0.567 81
$A x^{3} + B x^{2} + C x + D$ 4 21.838 0.997 51 0.997 46 0.380 29

Table 4. Table of fitting coefficients for voltage drop curves

Table 4. Table of fitting coefficients for voltage drop curves

Voltage drop stage： start-end/V	$A_{x u}$	$B_{x u}$	$C_{x u}$	SSE	R squared	Adjust R²	RMSE
15-10	-0.196 2	6.846	-16.29	2.581	0.994 6	0.994 4	0.222 8
20-10	-0.116 5	5.168	-7.361	5.91	0.997 7	0.997 6	0.240 7
25-10	-0.098 73	5.157	-8.159	49.01	0.994 4	0.994 3	0.567 8

Table 5. Table of fitting coefficients for voltage rise curves

Table 5. Table of fitting coefficients for voltage rise curves

Voltage rise stage： start-end/V	$A_{x d}$	$B_{x d}$	$C_{x d}$	SSE	R squared	Adjust R²	RMSE
10-25	0.013 45	1.177	21.01	89.61	0.990 2	0.99	0.760 3
15-25	0.003 211	1.124	29.19	3.258	0.998	0.998	0.176 2
20-25	0.043 38	-1.167	61.33	0.340 6	0.996 8	0.996 7	0.078 7

Table 6. Grayscale level and aperture ratio
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Table 6. Grayscale level and aperture ratio
Grayscale Aperture ratio/% Grayscale Aperture ratio/% Grayscale Aperture ratio/% Grayscale Aperture ratio/%
0 35 4 41.4 8 47.8 12 54.2
1 36.6 5 43 9 49.4 13 55.8
2 38.2 6 44.6 10 51 14 57.4
3 39.8 7 46.2 11 52.6 15 59

Table 7. The grayscale level relative luminance reference table

Table 7. The grayscale level relative luminance reference table

Grayscale	Relative luminance/%	Grayscale	Relative luminance/%	Grayscale	Relative luminance/%	Grayscale	Relative luminance/%
0	0	4	25.84	8	45.30	12	75.47
1	4.95	5	29.82	9	51.73	13	83.79
2	12.06	6	35.26	10	61.51	14	89.02
3	20.10	7	39.91	11	66.41	15	99.68

Table 8. Test voltage