Fig. 1. Improved SHAPS wavefront detection technology. (a) Pupil mask^[16]; (b) broad-band algorithm template^[16]; (c) narrow-band algorithm template^[17]

Fig. 2. Pupil mask layout of SHAPS. (a) Initial pupil mask design of GTC^[19]; (b) pupil mask of GTC^[22]; (c) pupil mask of TMT^[23]

Fig. 3. Experiment platform of active co-phasing. (a) Design of active segmented mirror^[24]; (b) micro lens array of SHAPS^[24]

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of PYPS wavefront detection^[36]

Fig. 5. Optical design and physical image of the double quadrangular pyramid. (a) Optical design^[34]; (b) physical image^[35]

Fig. 6. Schematic diagram of DFS wavefront detection

Fig. 7. Pupil mask and fringe image. (a) KECK^[43]; (b) GMT^[48]; (C) JWST^[49]

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of PR wavefront detection

Fig. 9. Schematic diagram of iterative transformation phase retrieval method^[65]

Fig. 10. Schematic diagram of nonlinear optimized phase retrieval algorithm^[67]

Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of PD wavefront detection

Fig. 12. Schematic representation of the network architecture^[86]

Fig. 13. Chief ray passes through the focal and defocal plane^[88]