Rapid Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Using LED-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Liangchen Liu; Ruifang Yang; Nanjing Zhao; Gaoyong Shi; Jinqiang Yang; Peng Huang; Gaofang Yin; Li Fang; Jianguo Liu; Wenqing Liu

doi:10.3788/AOS222067

Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 43, Issue 18, 1812003(2023)

Rapid Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Using LED-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Liangchen Liu^1,2,3, Ruifang Yang^2,3、*, Nanjing Zhao^2,3, Gaoyong Shi^1,2,3, Jinqiang Yang^2,3, Peng Huang^2,3,4, Gaofang Yin^2,3, Li Fang^2,3, Jianguo Liu^2,3, and Wenqing Liu^2,3

Author Affiliations

¹School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China

²Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

³Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, China

⁴School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Schematic of the fluorescence detection system

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Fig. 2. Fluorescence spectra of PAHs in soil before and after smoothing. (a) Loess; (b) kaolin

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Fig. 3. 3D fluorescence spectra of PAHs in solution. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 4. LED-induced fluorescence spectra of PAHs in soil at 255 nm excitation. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 5. LED-induced fluorescence spectra of PAHs in loess. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 6. LED-induced fluorescence spectra of PAHs in kaolin. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 7. Linear fitting of the relation between fluorescence intensity and mass ratio of PAHs in loess. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 8. Linear fitting of the relation between fluorescence intensity and mass ratio of PAHs in kaolin. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Fig. 9. LED-induced fluorescence spectra of PAHs in actual soil. (a) Chrysene; (b) fluoranthene; (c) pyrene; (d) phenanthrene

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Table 1. RSD of fluorescence peak intensity of PAHs in soil
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Table 1. RSD of fluorescence peak intensity of PAHs in soil
PAHs Wavelength λ /nm RSD /%
Chrysene 388.722 3.16
Fluoranthene 464.925 2.74
Pyrene 393.534 2.31

Table 2. Fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and detection limits of PAHs in soil measured by LED-induced fluorescence method

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Table 2. Fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and detection limits of PAHs in soil measured by LED-induced fluorescence method

PAHs	Wavelength λ /nm	Soil type	Linear fitting equation	Correlation coefficient R²	LOD / （mg·kg^-1）
Chrysene	388.722	Kaolin	y=14.183x+134.68	0.997	17.91
Chrysene	388.722	Loess	y=3.094x+510.47	0.987	62.29
Fluoranthene	464.925	Kaolin	y=46.482x+339.17	0.997	5.18
Fluoranthene	464.925	Loess	y=4.663x+340.26	0.988	33.29
Pyrene	393.534	Kaolin	y=29.574x-614.93	0.986	11.85
Pyrene	393.534	Loess	y=2.712x+59.29	0.982	69.64
Phenanthrene	365.844	Kaolin	y=14.214x-471.81	0.980	25.55
Phenanthrene	365.844	Loess	y=1.603x+0.08	0.988	73.72

Table 3. Linear fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and limits of detection

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Table 3. Linear fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and limits of detection

Soil type	PAHs	Linear fitting equation	Correlation coefficient R²	LOD / （mg·kg^-1）
Yellow moist soil	Chrysene	y=6.658x+1131.7	0.982	33.38
	Fluoranthene	y=7.327x-438.51	0.976	36.79
	Pyrene	y=1.552x+643.52	0.962	90.69
	Phenanthrene	y=1.885x+345.18	0.974	82.89

Table 4. Prediction results of PAHs mass ratio in the test samples

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Table 4. Prediction results of PAHs mass ratio in the test samples

PAHs	True value /（mg·kg^-1）	Predicted value / （mg·kg^-1）	RE /%	Relative standard deviation /%	Average RE /%
Chrysene	100	107.27	7.27	4.96	4.67
	300	279.29	6.90	5.05
	500	519.39	3.87	2.69
	700	703.39	0.48	0.34
	900	946.28	5.14	3.54
Fluoranthene	100	135.37	35.37	21.25	13.39
	300	265.28	11.57	8.68
	500	443.98	11.20	8.39
	700	662.53	5.35	3.88
	900	931.13	3.45	2.40
Pyrene	100	125.33	25.33	15.90	15.32
	500	609.01	21.80	13.90
	700	669.50	4.35	3.14
	900	811.66	9.81	7.29
Phenanthrene	100	94.08	5.91	4.31	5.62
	300	327.81	9.27	6.26
	500	504.92	0.98	0.69
	700	652.95	6.72	4.91
	900	947.07	5.23	3.60

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Liangchen Liu, Ruifang Yang, Nanjing Zhao, Gaoyong Shi, Jinqiang Yang, Peng Huang, Gaofang Yin, Li Fang, Jianguo Liu, Wenqing Liu. Rapid Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Using LED-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2023, 43(18): 1812003

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Paper Information

Category: Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Received: Nov. 29, 2022

Accepted: Feb. 7, 2023

Published Online: Sep. 4, 2023

The Author Email:

DOI:10.3788/AOS222067

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. RSD of fluorescence peak intensity of PAHs in soil

Table 1. RSD of fluorescence peak intensity of PAHs in soil

Table 2. Fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and detection limits of PAHs in soil measured by LED-induced fluorescence method

Table 2. Fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and detection limits of PAHs in soil measured by LED-induced fluorescence method

Table 3. Linear fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and limits of detection

Table 3. Linear fitting equations, correlation coefficients, and limits of detection

Table 4. Prediction results of PAHs mass ratio in the test samples

Table 4. Prediction results of PAHs mass ratio in the test samples