Target alignment and beam-target coupling technologies are the most critical technologies in laser fusion experiments, and they are the important with respect to the success of the laser fusion experiment. This study reviews the technical solutions pertaining to the target alignment and beam-target coupling of several representative high-power laser facilities from the 1970s to the present, discusses the basic principles of the technical solution design, summarizes the advantages and defects of different facilities'' solutions, and suggests to some new methods.