Fig. 1. Schematic of a photonic temporal integrator based on a PS-BG. Single pulse, in-phase pulses, and π-shifted pulses are integrated and used for data processing, photonic bit counting, and optical memory units, respectively.

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic of the silicon PS-BG. (b) SEM image of the uniform grating. (c) SEM image of the phase-shift region. (d) SEM image of the photonic crystal coupling grating.

Fig. 3. Measured spectral response of the fabricated PS-BG with different parameters. (a) N=200, different ΔW of 20, 30, and 40 nm. (b) ΔW=20  nm, different N of 200, 300, and 400.

Fig. 4. Experimental setup for optical integral. First, the optical pulse is emitted by an MLL and then reshaped by the interferometer. The interferometer has two arms for the time delay adjustment and phase adjustment. After waveform shaping, the signal is emitted into the chip and detected by the oscilloscope.

Fig. 5. (a) Normalized spectral response of the fabricated PS-BG. (b) Measured spectrum of the MLL.

Fig. 6. Experimental result of the optical integration. (a), (c), (e), (g), (i): Fitted input waveforms of the single pulse, in-phase pulses, and π-shifted pulses with different time delay (9 and 14 ps). (b), (d), (f), (h), (j): Measured (blue dots) and fitted (red line) output waveforms of the PS-BG.