Two-dimensional anomalous reflection with high efficiency and arbitrary direction based on a low-profile wideband metasurface

Huanhuan Gao; Xiaojun Huang; Zhengjie Wang; Xiongwei Ma; Wentao Li; Hui Wang; He-Xiu Xu

doi:10.1364/PRJ.543810

Photonics Research, Volume. 13, Issue 5, 1165(2025)

Two-dimensional anomalous reflection with high efficiency and arbitrary direction based on a low-profile wideband metasurface

Huanhuan Gao^1,2, Xiaojun Huang^2,3,4, Zhengjie Wang¹, Xiongwei Ma², Wentao Li², Hui Wang², and He-Xiu Xu^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹Air and Missile Defense College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China

²College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China

³Engineering Research Center of Smart Coal Mine Advanced Communication Technology, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an 710054, China

⁴e-mail: hxj@xust.edu.cn

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Figures & Tables(8)

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the four-leaf rose-shaped CM to achieve arbitrary 2D anomalous reflection.

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Fig. 2. Reflection amplitude and phase response under x- and y-polarized incident waves. (a) rxx. (b) Φxx. (c) ryy. (d) Φyy.

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Fig. 3. Flowchart of GA optimization.

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Fig. 4. Optimized phase distributions and simulated far-field scattering patterns of anomalous reflection in cases of ((θ,φ)= (I) (40°, 330°), (II) (50°, 330°), (III) (60°, 330°), (IV) (70°, 330°). (a) Phase distributions of four CMs. (b) 2D far-field scattering patterns of x-polarized reflected waves. (c) Normalized cross-section scattering pattern at φ=330°. (d) Convergence of evolution curve of GA.

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Fig. 5. Optimized phase distributions and simulated far-field scattering patterns of anomalous reflection in cases of (θ,φ)= (I) (30°, 60°), (II) (30°, 150°), (III) (30°, 240°), (IV) (30°, 330°). (a) Phase distributions of four CMs. (b) 2D far-field scattering patterns of x-polarized reflected waves. (c) Normalized cross-section scattering pattern at θ=30°. (d) Convergence curve of GA.

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Fig. 6. Experimental setup and far-field scattering patterns of two fabricated prototypes, corresponding to case IV in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. (a) Experimental setup and photographs of samples. Simulated and measured patterns at (b) θ=30°, φ=330° and (c) θ=70°, φ=330°.

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Table 1. Meta-atoms for CM
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Table 1. Meta-atoms for CM
$a$ (mm) 3.8 4.2 4.4 5.4
Meta-atom
Phase (°) 272.2 181.2 97.5 0.75
2-bit code 00 01 10 11

Table 2. Comparison of Performances between This Study and Previous Research
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Table 2. Comparison of Performances between This Study and Previous Research
Ref. Efficiency Angle 1D/2D Algorithm
[17] 78.6% 50° 1D No
[18] 93% 34.6° 1D No
[22] 80% 1D No
[23] $> 90 %$ 70° 1D No
[24] 88.8% 70° 1D No
Our work $\geq 90 %$ 70° 2D Yes

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Huanhuan Gao, Xiaojun Huang, Zhengjie Wang, Xiongwei Ma, Wentao Li, Hui Wang, He-Xiu Xu, "Two-dimensional anomalous reflection with high efficiency and arbitrary direction based on a low-profile wideband metasurface," Photonics Res. 13, 1165 (2025)

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