Fig. 1. Schematic of AOSLO system. SM1–SM8: spherical mirrors, FM: flat mirror, CL: collecting lens, PH: confocal pinhole, HS: horizontal scanner, VS: vertical scanner, RC: reflecting collimator. AP: aperture.

Fig. 2. (a) 35-actuator bimorph DM, (b) distribution of 1–35 discrete electrodes. The radius of electrode 1 is 2 mm; the outer radius is 6, 10, and 14 mm for the second, third and fourth ring, respectively. There are 0.8 and 1 mm wide gaps for the angle and radial direction, respectively.

Fig. 3. Initial flatness of the DM (a) without correction and (b) with self-correction.

Fig. 4. Peak valley values as the measured influence function of the applied voltages. The solid points correspond to the obtained mirror deformation, while the dashed lines are the corresponding fits performed over each set of data.

Fig. 5. Color-coded aberration maps. Top row: initial aberrations from 4 real eyes. Bottom row: best corrected wavefront aberrations estimated by the HSWS.

Fig. 6. (Color online) Zernike coefficients of the human eye without AO correction in the green color, and with AO correction in the red color.

Fig. 7. (Color online) Single frame (a) without AO correction, (b) without AO correction but after the best correction of the defocus and astigmatism aberrations, (c) with AO correction. The images are 512×449 pixels, and the field of view subtends 2°, or approximately 580 μm on one side. The image was taken from a retina location about 4.5° from the fovea center. The scale bar is 50 μm.