Removal of Sr and Ba from molten LiCl salt using cold finger crystallization method

Qin LIN; Yujiao WANG; Ming CHENG; Bo SUN; Haiying FU; Qiang DOU; Jinhao ZHOU; Zaichun ZHOU; Qiuhua LIU

doi:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2024.hjs.47.030302

NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 47, Issue 3, 030302(2024)

Removal of Sr and Ba from molten LiCl salt using cold finger crystallization method

Qin LIN^1,2, Yujiao WANG^2,5, Ming CHENG^2,4, Bo SUN³, Haiying FU^2,4、*, Qiang DOU^2,4, Jinhao ZHOU², Zaichun ZHOU¹, and Qiuhua LIU^1、**

Author Affiliations

¹Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China

²Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China

³Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology Company, Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China

⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

⁵ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201200, China

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Figures & Tables(17)

Fig. 1. Diagram of experimental setup

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Fig. 2. Schematic of the modeling in Fluent

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Fig. 3. Temperature field distribution using Fluent simulation under different crystal growth times (color online)(a) 5 min, (b) 10 min, (c) 15 min, (d) 20 min

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Fig. 4. Correlation diagram of crystal growth time and crystal mass

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Fig. 5. Cold finger temperature field distributions using Fluent simulation under different initial temperatures (color online) (a) 640 ℃, (b) 650 ℃, (c) 660 ℃, (d) 670 ℃

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Fig. 6. Correlation diagram of molten salt initial temperature and crystal mass

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Fig. 7. Crystalline salt at flow rate of 10 L·min^-1 and crystallization temperature of 640 ℃ under varying growth time(a) 10 min, (b) 15 min, (c) 20 min

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Fig. 8. Diagram of different regions of crystalline salt (a), and the photograph of crystalline salt (b)

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Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, initial temperature 640 ℃)

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Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, initial temperature 640 ℃)

时间 Time / min 、	实验#1晶体质量 Experiment #1 crystal mass / g 、	实验#2晶体质量 Experiment #2 crystal mass / g 、	模拟计算晶体质量 Calculation crystal mass / g 、
5	3.67	6.21	8.18
10	7.79	7.79	11.37
15	12.58	13.01	14.37
20	13.62	16.99	15.55

Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, growth time 20 min)

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Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, growth time 20 min)

初始温度 Initial temperature / ℃ 、	晶体质量计算值 Calculation crystal mass / g 、	晶体质量实验值 Experiment crystal mass / g 、	生长速率 Growth rate / g·min^-1
初始温度 Initial temperature / ℃ 、	晶体质量计算值 Calculation crystal mass / g 、	晶体质量实验值 Experiment crystal mass / g 、	计算值Calculation	实验值Experiment
640	19.83	15.61	0.99	0.77
650	13.61	13.54	0.68	0.68
660	9.70	11.29	0.49	0.56
670	7.01	6.19	0.35	0.31

Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl₂removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)
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Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl₂removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)
生长时间
Growth time / min
、
质量分数平均值
Mean mass fraction / %
、
去除率
Removal ratio / %
、
0* 1.32 —
10 0.47 64.30
15 0.50 62.16
20 0.48 63.66

Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl₂ in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures
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Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl₂ in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures
温度
Temperature / ℃
、
平均质量分数
Mean mass fraction / %
、
去除率
Removal ratio / %
、
初始盐 Initial salt 1.08 —
640 0.71 18.60
650 0.63 27.33
660 0.27 68.60

Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl₂
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Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl₂
初始SrCl₂浓度
Initial concentrations of SrCl₂ / %(w/w)
、
质量分数
Mean mass fraction / %
、
去除率
Removal ratio / %
、
0.05 8.2×10^-3 83.31
0.55 0.09 84.16
1.22 0.50 58.92
3.44 2.04 40.68

Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl₂in LiCl_{with crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃}
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Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl₂in LiCl_{with crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃}
编号No. 去除率 Removal ratio / %
顶部
Top
、
腰部
Waist
、
底部
Bottom
、平均值Average
1# 94.15 91.22 82.04 89.14
2# 91.84 88.68 88.12 89.55
3# 90.90 86.92 88.04 88.62
平均值 Average 93.30 88.94 86.07 89.10

Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl₂in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

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Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl₂in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

温度 Temperature / ℃ 、	质量 Mass / g 、	去除率 Removal ratio / %
温度 Temperature / ℃ 、	质量 Mass / g 、	顶部 Top	腰部 Waist	底部 Bottom	外层 Outside	中层 Middle	内层 Inside
640	29.69	96.19	79.71	58.49	99.37	87.51	34.91
650	20.56	99.22	92.03	92.17	98.09	91.27	90.30
660	9.76	96.22	96.51	91.66	99.40	94.90	80.20

Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl₂
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Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl₂
初始BaCl₂浓度
Initial concentrations of BaCl₂ / %(w/w)
、
结晶盐质量
Crystal mass / g
、
去除率
Removal ratio / %
、
0.54 6.03 88.24
0.82 6.35 88.99
2.33 7.30 91.38
4.43 6.39 91.77

Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl₂ and SrCl₂ in LiCl at 670 ℃
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Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl₂ and SrCl₂ in LiCl at 670 ℃
编号No.
结晶盐质量
Mass / g
、
种类
Species
、
去除率
Removal ratio / %
、
#1 10.27 SrCl₂ 91.55
BaCl₂ 95.27
#2 5.77 SrCl₂ 95.95
BaCl₂ 98.22

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Qin LIN, Yujiao WANG, Ming CHENG, Bo SUN, Haiying FU, Qiang DOU, Jinhao ZHOU, Zaichun ZHOU, Qiuhua LIU. Removal of Sr and Ba from molten LiCl salt using cold finger crystallization method[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2024, 47(3): 030302

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Paper Information

Category: Research Articles

Received: Sep. 19, 2023

Accepted: --

Published Online: Apr. 29, 2024

The Author Email: FU Haiying (FUHaiying), LIU Qiuhua (LIUQiuhua)

DOI:10.11889/j.0253-3219.2024.hjs.47.030302

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min-1, initial temperature 640 ℃)

Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min-1, initial temperature 640 ℃)

Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min-1, growth time 20 min)

Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min-1, growth time 20 min)

Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl2 removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)

Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl2 removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)

Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl2 in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures

Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl2 in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures

Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl2

Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl2

Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl2 in LiClwith crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃

Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl2 in LiClwith crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃

Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl2 in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl2 in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl2

Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl2

Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl2 and SrCl2 in LiCl at 670 ℃

Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl2 and SrCl2 in LiCl at 670 ℃

Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, initial temperature 640 ℃)

Table 1. Effect of crystal growth time on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, initial temperature 640 ℃)

Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, growth time 20 min)

Table 2. Effect of initial temperature on crystal mass (airflow intensity 10 L·min^-¹, growth time 20 min)

Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl₂removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)

Table 3. Effect of growth time on SrCl₂removal ratio (temperature 640 ℃)

Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl₂ in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures

Table 4. Removal ratios of SrCl₂ in crystalline salt at varying initial crystallization temperatures

Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl₂

Table 5. Removal ratios at varying initial concentrations of SrCl₂

Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl₂in LiCl_{with crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃}

Table 6. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) SrCl₂in LiCl_{with crystalline salt mass of (9.5±0.5) g at 670 ℃}

Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl₂in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

Table 7. Removal ratios of 1%(w/w) BaCl₂in LiCl at different regions and initial temperatures

Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl₂

Table 8. Comparison of removal ratios with different initial concentrations of BaCl₂

Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl₂ and SrCl₂ in LiCl at 670 ℃

Table 9. Removal ratios of BaCl₂ and SrCl₂ in LiCl at 670 ℃