Fig. 1. SAR image lamp post extraction method using optical shadow feature for point prediction

Fig. 2. Overview of experimental area a. (a) Orthophoto of experimental area; (b) real pictures of Ⅰ lamp posts; (c) orthophoto characteristics of Ⅰ lamp posts; (d) real pictures of Ⅱ lamp posts

Fig. 3. Optical image narrow and dark target enhancement. (a) Morphological expansion; (b) morphological erosion; (c) image sharpening

Fig. 4. Enhancement of narrow and dark targets after Gabor filtering

Fig. 5. NCC template matching result cluster

Fig. 6. Spatial distribution of lamp post targets after DBSCAN clustering

Fig. 7. Geographic coordinates of lamp posts are reverse-coded to radar coordinate system

Fig. 8. Search results near lamp post targets

Fig. 9. Spatial distribution of target points after constraint correction

Fig. 10. Target analysis of lamp post target point. (a) SAR image after upsampling interpolation; (b) pixel position where maximum value point is located

Fig. 11. Lamp post targets in SAR image after accurate search

Fig. 12. Overview of experimental area b. (a) Orthophoto of experimental area; (b) real pictures of Ⅲ lamp posts; (c) orthophoto characteristics of Ⅲ lamp posts; (d) real pictures of Ⅳ lamp posts; (e) orthophoto characteristics of Ⅳ lamp posts

Fig. 13. Lamp post targets in experimental area b after clustering

Fig. 14. Lamp post targets in SAR image of experimental area b