Fig. 1. Echo of vegetation canopy

Fig. 2. Error with small laser spot

Fig. 3. Vegetation landscape of (a) 3D oblique view, (b) 2D plan view

Fig. 4. The point cloud data in Finland of (a) spaceborne detection orbit, (b) spaceborne point cloud, (c) airborne detection zone, and (d) airborne point cloud

Fig. 5. Comparison of canopy height between spaceborne and airborne

Fig. 6. Analysis of error influencing factors including (a) leaf volume density, (b) single pulse energy

Fig. 7. Simulated point cloud