Fig. 1. CUP system configuration. CCD, charge-coupled device; DMD, digital micromirror device; V, sweeping voltage; t, time; x and y, spatial coordinates of the dynamic scene; x′ and y′, spatial coordinates of the streak camera. Since each micromirror (72mm×72mm) of the DMD is much larger than the light wavelength, the diffraction angle is small (∼4deg). With a collecting objective of numerical aperture NA=0.16, the throughput loss caused by the DMD’s diffraction is negligible. Equipment details: camera lens, Fujinon CF75HA-1; DMD, Texas Instruments DLP LightCrafter; microscope objective, Olympus UPLSAPO 4X; tube lens, Thorlabs AC254-150-A; streak camera, Hamamatsu C7700; CCD, Hamamatsu ORCA-R2. Figure reprinted from Ref. 19.

Fig. 2. Data flow of CUP in (a) data acquisition and (b) image reconstruction.

Fig. 3. (a) Flow chart for optimizing the encoding mask in a CUP system based on GA. (b), (c) The experimental results for a spatially modulated picosecond laser pulse evolution obtained by (b) optimal codes and (c) random codes. TwIST: two-step iterative shrinkage/thresholding.²⁸ Figures reprinted from Ref. 29.

Fig. 4. A schematic diagram of data acquisition in multiencoding CUP. Here, t and t′ are time; Ck is the spatial encoding operator; S is the temporal shearing operator; T is the spatiotemporal integration operator. Figure reprinted from Ref. 29.

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of the T-CUP system. Inset (black dashed box): detailed illustration of the streak tube. MCP, microchannel plate. Figure reprinted from Ref. 34.

Fig. 6. (a) An experimental diagram of imaging a superluminal propagation, showing experimental results obtained by the (b) AL algorithm and (c) TwIST algorithm. Figures reprinted from Ref. 36.

Fig. 7. The experimental results of imaging a picosecond laser pulse propagation. The frame at t=170ps is shown as reconstructed by the (a) TwIST and (b) SIC algorithms; (c) image profiles along the blue lines indicated in (a) and (b). Figures reprinted from Ref. 37.

Fig. 8. A schematic diagram of the CUST technique. Figure reprinted with permission from Ref. 43.

Fig. 9. The theoretical designs of (a) CUEDI, (b) CUTEM, and (c) dual-shearing CUTEM. Figures reprinted from Refs. 44 and 45.

Fig. 10. The experimental setup of COSUP. Figure reprinted from Ref. 46.

Fig. 11. (a) Spectral separation unit of the dual-color CUP system; (b) an ultrafast laser-induced fluorescence process revealed by dual-color CUP; (c) the photonic Mach cone dynamics obtained by LLE-CUP. Figures reprinted from Refs. 19 and 33.

Fig. 12. 3-D images of (a) static targets and (b) two-ball rotation, obtained by CUP. Figures reprinted from Ref. 35.

Fig. 13. Spatiotemporal evolutions of (a) a dual-color picosecond laser field and (b) the temporal focusing of a femtosecond laser pulse. Figures reprinted from Refs. 34 and 87.

Fig. 14. A schematic diagram of the experimental design of compressed 3-D image information secure communication. Figure reprinted from Ref. 107.