Fig. 1. Normalized absorption spectra. (a) DBM and Phen; (b) EuCl₃ and Eu(DBM)₃ Phen doped PMMA film

Fig. 2. Schematics of intramolecular energy transfer and intrinsic absorption and emission of Eu³⁺ ions

Fig. 3. Fluorescent decay curves of Eu (DBM)₃Phen doped PMMA film

Fig. 4. AFM image of Eu (DBM)₃Phen doped PMMA film

Fig. 5. Structural diagrams of devices . (a) Ridge waveguide; (b) evanescent field waveguide

Fig. 6. SEM images of waveguide end faces. (a) Ridge waveguide (12 μm×5 μm); (b) evanescent field waveguide (4 μm×5 μm)

Fig. 7. Schematic of LED vertical top pump gain measurement system

Fig. 8. Measurement results. (a) Signal intensity with and without LED pump in ridge waveguide; (b) relative gain versus pump power