Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology , Volume. 23, Issue 5, 532(2025)

Target recognition of millimeter-wave security inspection images with small-sample long-tail distribution

ZHAO Wenlian1,2,3, AN Jianfei1,2, CHEN Ren’ai1,2, CUI Zhenmao1,2, DENG Peipei1,2, WU Qiang1,2, LIU Jie1,2, CHENG Binbin1,2, and YU Yang1,2
Author Affiliations
  • 1Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang Sichuan 621999, China
  • 2Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu Sichuan 610200, China
  • 3Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
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    The data volume of millimeter-wave security imaging is relatively small, and the data volume for uncommon types of dangerous objects is even smaller, with the data exhibiting a long-tail distribution. Security inspection requires fast detection speed, and existing deep learning methods are not yet fully applicable to millimeter-wave security imaging datasets. To meet the needs of daily security inspection, a method based on the YOLOv5 algorithm is proposed for feature extraction of human hidden targets in millimeter-wave security radar imaging. Firstly, the YOLOv5 algorithm framework is studied, and a Focal CIoU loss function is proposed to re-weight the samples and reduce the long-tail effect. Next, the dataset is processed by cropping the targets and randomly pasting them into existing images to expand and balance the data volume among different categories, achieving the purpose of resampling. Finally, the Squeeze-and- Excitation Network(SENet) attention mechanism is introduced to improve the accuracy of target recognition. The validation results show that the mean Average Precision (mAP) of human hidden targets using the proposed method reaches 85.4%, which is a 4.7% improvement compared to the original YOLOv5 algorithm. This performance meets the detection requirements for daily usage scenarios.

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    ZHAO Wenlian, AN Jianfei, CHEN Ren’ai, CUI Zhenmao, DENG Peipei, WU Qiang, LIU Jie, CHENG Binbin, YU Yang. Target recognition of millimeter-wave security inspection images with small-sample long-tail distribution[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information Technology , 2025, 23(5): 532

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    Paper Information

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    Received: Nov. 14, 2023

    Accepted: Jun. 5, 2025

    Published Online: Jun. 5, 2025

    The Author Email:

    DOI:10.11805/tkyda2023365

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