Development of Zero-Magnetic-Field Achieving Techniques for Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Effect

Mengyuan Cui; Xuefeng Wang; Yicheng Deng; Huanxue He

doi:10.3788/LOP250477

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 11, 1127018(2025)

Development of Zero-Magnetic-Field Achieving Techniques for Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Effect

Mengyuan Cui^1,2, Xuefeng Wang^1,2、*, Yicheng Deng^1,2, and Huanxue He^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹Beijing Institute of Aerospace Control Devices, Beijing 100854, China

²Quantum Engineering Research Center of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing 100094, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. Spin-exchange collision distribution levels between potassium atoms^[10]

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Fig. 2. Effects of spin-exchange collision frequency on the atomic Larmor precession and spectrum^[2]

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Fig. 3. Design of ferrite shielding layer structures. (a) Multi-annulus^[27]; (b) cylindrical structure with removable end caps^[30]; (c) cubic structure^[29]

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Fig. 4. Illustration showing the device and compensation effect of the stepwise convergence^[41]

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Fig. 5. Magnetic field compensation device and Lorentz curve^[47]

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Fig. 6. Illustration of the cross-magnetic modulation compensation^[38]

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Fig. 7. Illustration of the improved magnetic separation modulation^[56]

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Fig. 8. Optical structure and magnetic configuration of parametric modulation^[58]

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Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas^[10]
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Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas^[10]
Alkali metal atom $σ_{s e}^{s e l f}$ $σ_{s d}^{s e l f}$ $σ_{s d}^{N_{2}}$ $σ_{s d}^{H e}$
K 1.8×10^-14 1.0×10^-18 7.9×10^-23 8.0×10^-25
Rb 1.9×10^-14 1.6×10^-17 1.0×10^-22 9×10^-24
Cs 2.1×10^-14 2.0×10^-16 5.5×10^-22 2.8×10^-23

Table 2. Shielding performance comparison of design schemes corresponding to different shielding materials

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Table 2. Shielding performance comparison of design schemes corresponding to different shielding materials

Shielding material	Design proposal		Shielding factor	Magnetic induction intensity of residual magnetic /nT	Magnetic noise /（fT/Hz^1/2）
Permalloy	Structure	Spherical shell^［18］	47619 （x） 52631 （y） 21739 （z）	2.1 （x） 1.9 （y） 4.6 （z）
		Cylindrical shape^［19］	4.4×10⁴	0.615
		Spindle-shaped^［20］	3.7×10⁷		15
Permalloy and ferrite	Noiseestimation	Fluctuations dissipation^［24］			0.75
		Finite element^［27］		0.3	0.70
		Grain size^［28］			0.71
	Structure	Cubic shape^［29］		0.5 （x） 1.72 （y） 1.6 （z）	2.62
	Structure	Multi-annulus^［27］			0.70
Permalloy and nanocrystalline alloys	Structure	Cylindrical^{shape^［34-36］}			14.78
					11.4
			52612
		Cubic shape^［37］			25

Table 3. Comparisons of technologies for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments

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Table 3. Comparisons of technologies for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments

Technology

Implementation method

Advantage

Shortcoming

Passive shielding

High permeability material

Remarkable shielding effect

Limited by material； poor flexibility

Active compensation

Current source driving

Small size；

high flexibility

Triaxial magnetic crosstalk coupling；

low compensation accuracy

Combination of both

High sensitivity；

strong environmental adaptability

Large volume；

complex system design

Tools

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Mengyuan Cui, Xuefeng Wang, Yicheng Deng, Huanxue He. Development of Zero-Magnetic-Field Achieving Techniques for Spin-Exchange Relaxation-Free Effect[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(11): 1127018

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Paper Information

Category: Quantum Optics

Received: Jan. 9, 2025

Accepted: Feb. 14, 2025

Published Online: May. 29, 2025

The Author Email: Xuefeng Wang (xuefeng_wang@sina.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP250477

CSTR:32186.14.LOP250477

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas[10]

Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas[10]

Table 2. Shielding performance comparison of design schemes corresponding to different shielding materials

Table 2. Shielding performance comparison of design schemes corresponding to different shielding materials

Table 3. Comparisons of technologies for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments

Table 3. Comparisons of technologies for achieving zero-magnetic-field environments

Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas^[10]

Table 1. Collision cross sections between alkali metal atoms and between alkali metal atoms and helium or nitrogen gas^[10]