Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of laser cladding with side-axis wire feeding

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional view of single-layer single-pass cladding coating

Fig. 3. Macroscopic morphologies of the cladding coatings under different process parameters. (a) V_S=10 mm/s; (b) V_S=14 mm/s; (c) V_S=18 mm/s; (d) V_S=22 mm/s; (e) V_S=26 mm/s; (f) V_W=220 cm/min; (g) V_W=260 cm/min; (h) V_W=300 cm/min; (i) V_W=340 cm/min; (j) V_W=380 cm/min; (k) P=2500 W; (l) P=2800 W; (m) P=3100 W; (n) P=3400 W; (o) P=3700 W

Fig. 4. Flow behavior of the melt pool at different scanning speeds. (a) V_S=10 mm/s; (b) V_S=14 mm/s; (c) V_S=22 mm/s; (d) V_S=26 mm/s

Fig. 5. Flow behavior of the melt pool at different wire feeding speeds. (a) V_W=220 cm/min; (b) V_W=260 cm/min; (c) V_W=340 cm/min; (d) V_W=380 cm/min

Fig. 6. Flow behavior of the melt pool at different laser powers. (a) P=2500 W; (b) P=2800 W; (c) P=3100 W; (d) P=3700 W

Fig. 7. Effect of scanning speed on cladding coating geometry parameters

Fig. 8. Effect of wire feeding speed on cladding coating geometry parameters

Fig. 9. Effect of laser power on cladding coating geometry parameters

Fig. 10. Flow behavior of optimal cladding coatings' melt pool

Fig. 11. Cross-sectional macroscopic morphology of the optimal cladding coating

Fig. 12. Cross-sectional microstructures of the optimal cladding coating. (a) Bottom part; (b) middle part; (c) upper part; (d) top part