Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 16, 1600003(2023)
Research Progress of High-Speed and Wide-Tuned Frequency Swept Lasers for Optical Coherence Tomography Applications
Figures & Tables(33)
![Double-cavity polyhedral rotating mirror swept frequency light source[45]](/Images/icon/loading.gif){kind=icon}
Fig. 7. Double-cavity polyhedral rotating mirror swept frequency light source[45]
Fig. 8. Structure comparison between traditional ring cavity frequency swept laser and FDML laser[51]
Fig. 12. Output spectrum of FDML fenquency swept laser with DSF and ordinary single-mode fiber[57]
Table 1. Corresponding relationship between performance index of frequency swept light source and SS-OCT
View tableTable 1. Corresponding relationship between performance index of frequency swept light source and SS-OCT
Performance index of swept laser Performance index of SS-OCT Typical value Scan rate Imaging speed 100 kHz［ 27 ］Center wavelength Axial resolution，lateral resolution 1060 nm［ 28 ］Tuning range Axial resolution 70 nm［ 29 ］Dynamic coherence length Imaging depth 10 mm［ 30 ］Output power Signal-to-noise ratio，sensitivity 11 mW［ 31 ］
Table 2. The latest performance index of four swept lasers
View tableTable 2. The latest performance index of four swept lasers
Type of swept laser Tuning range Scan rate Output power External cavity 330 nm［ 32 ］50 kHz［ 33 ］77 W［ 34 ］FDML 160 nm［ 27 ］5.2 MHz［ 35 ］200 mW［ 35 ］MEMS-VCSEL 150 nm［ 36 ］800 kHz［ 37 ］30 mW［ 37 ］VT-DBR 60 nm［ 38 ］100 kHz［ 39 ］30 mW［ 40 ］
Table 3. Representative research progresses of external cavity frequency swept laser
View tableTable 3. Representative research progresses of external cavity frequency swept laser
Year Unit Method Performance index Reference 2003 Harvard Medical School & Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine Using polygon mirror as filter for the first time Scan rate：15.7 kHz；
tuning range：75 nm
［ 29 ］2005 Harvard Medical School & Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine Using dual SOAs to broaden tuning range Scan rate：20 kHz；
tuning range：145 nm
［ 45 ］2009 University of Central Florida Using blazed grating to achieve tuning Center wavelength：
2000 nm；
tuning range：161 nm
［ 46 ］2019 University of Central Florida Using volume Bragg grating and lens group Tuning range：103 nm；
output power：48 W
［ 50 ］2022 Fraunhofer IOSB Inst Optron Syst Technol & Image Using volume Bragg grating and Tm3+∶Ho3+-codoped free-space single-oscillator fiber laser Center wavelength：
2090 nm；
tuning range：200 nm；
output power：77 W
［ 34 ］
Table 4. Representative research progresses of FDML frequency swept laser
View tableTable 4. Representative research progresses of FDML frequency swept laser
Year Unit Method Performance index Reference 2006 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All optical modes are stored in the long cavity up to several kilometers Scan rate：290 kHz；
tuning range：105 nm
［ 53 ］2009 Ludwig Maximilian University Using faraday rotating mirror to reduce the cavity length Scan rate：570 kHz；
tuning range：95 nm
［ 60 ］2012 LightLab Imaging Using dispersion compensation module（DCM）to reduce dispersion Scan rate：200 kHz；
tuning range：105 nm；
output power：35 mW
［ 30 ］2012 Ludwig Maximilian University Using four buffer stage to increase scan rate Scan rate：1.6 MHz；
tuning range：100 nm
［ 59 ］2018 Ludwig Maximilian University Using improved FBG，SOA，and FP cavity Tuning range：143 nm；
scan rate：1.67 MHz
［ 28 ］
Table 5. Representative research progresses of MEMS-VCSEL frequency swept laser
View tableTable 5. Representative research progresses of MEMS-VCSEL frequency swept laser
Year Unit Method Performance index Reference 1999 Coretek Using strain compensated multiple quantum wells and using stable cavity to realize low diffraction loss cavity Tuning range：50 nm；
SMSR：50 dB
［ 67 ］2003 Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Science Using electric pumping structure and introducing buried tunnel junction Tuning range：40 nm；
SMSR：32 dB
［ 70 ］2009 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology，The University of Tokyo Using movable silicon mirror with a high resonance frequency to increase scan rate Scan rate：500 kHz；
tuning range：55 nm；
SMSR：60 dB
［ 71 ］2012 Praevium Research The thin optical pump active region structure and the wide gain bandwidth InP based multi quantum well active region are combined with the wide bandwidth fully oxidized GaAs based mirrors through wafer bonding Scan rate：500 kHz；
tuning range：150 nm
［ 36 ］2020 Praevium Research The strain compensated InGaAsP gain region is combined with a fully oxidized back mirror to achieve a wide tuning range Scan rate：800 kHz；
tuning range：100 nm；output power：30 mW
［ 37 ］
Table 6. Representative research progresses of DBR frequency swept laser
View tableTable 6. Representative research progresses of DBR frequency swept laser
Year Unit Method Performance index Reference 1993 University of California First using sampling grating as two side grating Tuning range：57 nm；
SMSR：30 dB
［ 78 ］1993 NTT Photoelectric Laboratory Using super structure grating instead of sampling grating to widen the tuning range Tuning range：105 nm；
SMSR：35 dB
［ 79 ］2003 Bookham Designing digital supermodel DBR to improve tuning Tuning range：40 nm；
SMSR：40 dB
［ 82 ］2004 Bookham Designing phase grating DBR to achieve flatness output Tuning range：35 nm；
SMSR：40 dB
［ 84 ］2008 Wuhan National Laboratory of Optoelectronics Designing digital concatenated grating DBR to achieve flatness output and wide tuning range Tuning range：54 nm；
SMSR：40 dB
［ 85 ］2019 JDSU SG-DBR produced by JDSU，which represents the SG-DBR with high performance at present Tuning range：60 nm；
SMSR：30 dB；
output power：10 mW
［ 38 ］
Table 7. Performance indexes of different types of swept frequency light sources
View tableTable 7. Performance indexes of different types of swept frequency light sources
Type Technical maturity Cost Scan rate Tuning range Output power Swept linearity External cavity high high low high high middle FDML middle high middle middle middle low MEMS-VCSEL high middle middle middle low middle VT-DBR low low high low low high
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Yuheng Xu, Cheng Qiu, Yongyi Chen, Ye Wang, Lei Liang, Peng Jia, Li Qin, Yongqiang Ning, Lijun Wang. Research Progress of High-Speed and Wide-Tuned Frequency Swept Lasers for Optical Coherence Tomography Applications[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(16): 1600003
Paper Information
Category: Reviews
Received: Sep. 7, 2022
Accepted: Nov. 22, 2022
Published Online: Aug. 15, 2023
The Author Email: Cheng Qiu (qiucheng@ciomp.ac.cn), Yongyi Chen (chenyy@ciomp.ac.cn)
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