The FeCrNiB alloy coating was applied to the surface of U71Mn rail steel. The macroscopic morphology, microscopic morphology, and phase composition of the coating were characterized by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) for two sections along the cladding direction and vertical cladding direction. Vickers hardness testing and friction and wear testing were conducted to measure the hardness and wear resistance of the coating. The examination revealed the absence of defects such as air holes and cracks at the bottom of the transverse and longitudinal sections of the cladding layer, indicating good metallurgical bonding. In the YOZ cross section cladding layer perpendicular to the cladding direction, coarse dendrites and some equiaxed crystals were observed, while in the XOZ cross section cladding layer along the cladding direction, slender dendrites and more equiaxed crystals were present.. Through software analysis and the circular cutting point method, the grain size of YOZ section is about 11 grades, and that of XOZ section is about 12 grades. The hardness of cladding layer in XOZ section is slightly higher than that in YOZ section. The weight loss, wear rate and friction coefficient of XOZ section are slightly smaller than those of YOZ section, and the running in period of XOZ section is shorter.