Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of atmospheric optical imaging model; (b) Effect of foggy scenes on contrast

Fig. 2. Visibility lab 20 m baseline fog cabin

Fig. 3. (a), (b) Hamamatsu C11440-22 CU original image and recovery results at 7 m visibility; (c), (d) FLIR Blackfly S BFS-U3-51 S5 original image and recovery results at 10 m visibility; (e), (f) Basler acA2040-90 uc original image and recovery results at 12 m visibility; (g) Relationship between optical thickness of the medium and dynamic range. The red line is the theoretical relationship calculated by Equation (9), and the black point is the experimental results in fog cabin

Fig. 4. Simulated normalized PSF of imaging systems (sensor size is 15 μm, the number of pixels is 512, and the optics diameter is 4 cm) operating in the visible wavelength (550 nm) for three focal lengths: 1, 10, and 100 cm. The aerosol models used are (a) tropospheric aerosol (visibility of 50 km): τ=0.078 and ω^t₀=0.97; (b) rural aerosol (visibility of 5 km); τ=0.78 and ω^t₀=0.96; and (c) radiation fog (visibility of 0.5 km); τ=7.8 and ω^t₀=1.0 (τ is the atmospheric optical depth, and ω^t₀ is the ratio of the extinction coefficient to the scattering coefficient)^[17]

Fig. 5. Simulation results at 4 m visibility^[18]

Fig. 6. Underwater imaging results, extinction coefficient is 0.97 m⁻¹.(a) Imaging result at a distance of 6.7 m; (b) Imaging result at a distance of 8 m

Fig. 7. (a) Clear image of the target; (b), (c) Simulation imaging results at 8 and 7 m visibility, corresponding; (d), (e) Experimental results at 20 m at 9 and 8 m visibility, corresponding^[18]

Fig. 8. Schematic diagram of multi-view projection geometry^[25]

Fig. 9. Fusion experimental results. (a) Single viewpoint defogging; (b) 4 viewpoints fusion defogging; (c) 7 viewpoints fusion defogging; (d) 10 viewpoints fusion defogging; (e) The relationship between the number of fused viewpoint and corresponding structural similarity (SSIM)^[25]