Fig. 1. Schematic of Talbot effect

Fig. 2. Flow chart of phase retrieval

Fig. 3. Schematic of simulation experiment of Talbot effect of Ronchi grating

Fig. 4. (a) Simulation result of Ronchi grating; (b) Talbot self-image of Ronchi grating

Fig. 5. Retrieved results of defocus aberration. (a) Input phase; (b) self-image of grating; (c) retrieved phase; (d) residual phase

Fig. 6. Retrieved results of astigmatism aberration. (a) Input phase; (b) self-image of grating; (c) retrieved phase; (d) residual phase

Fig. 7. Retrieved results of random mixed aberration. (a) Input phase; (b)-(d) without noise; (e)-(g) in the case with signal-to-noise ratio of 5

Fig. 8. Curves of evaluation function

Fig. 9. Comparison of Zernike coefficients (the first 15 items) of retrieved phase and input phase

Fig. 10. Retrieval results of free-form surface based on peaks function. (a) Input phase; (b) self-image of grating; (c) retrieved phase; (d) residual phase

Fig. 11. Effect of uniformity in amplitude distribution of incident field on phase retrieval precision

Fig. 12. Effect of CCD measurement error on phase retrieval precision