Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the principle of synthesizing longitudinal super-resolution quasi-spherical multifocal arrays based on the superposition principle of cylindrical vector light modulation

Fig. 2. (a) The standard deviation of the full width at half maximum in the five directions of the composite focus under different amplitude ratios of angularly polarized beam and radially polarized beam; (b) Field strength curves of the intensity distribution of the synthetic focus along different directions; (c)~(e) Azimuthal polarized beam superimposed on radially polarized beam to generate a two-dimensional intensity distribution of the composite focus

Fig. 3. (a)~(b) Two-dimensional light field intensity distributions of spherical foci generated by superposition in the x-z plane, as well as lateral and longitudinal dimensions at different thresholds and different objective NAs, where the dotted line is the longitudinal dimension and the solid line is the transverse dimension; (c) The ratio of the longitudinal and transverse full width at half maximum of the focal point for angularly polarized light to radially polarized light at different threshold intensities and numerical apertures

Fig. 4. (a) Radial polarized beam multifocal array with different number of focal points; (b) The variation of uniformity and iteration number with the number of different foci

Fig. 5. (a), (d) The x-y cross-section (g) of the quasi-spherical multifocal array obtained by focusing and stacking the modulated angularly polarized light (a) and the modulated radially polarized light (d); (b), (e) The x-z profile (h) of the quasi-spherical multifocal array obtained by focusing the modulated angularly polarized light (b) and the modulated radially polarized light (e); (c), (f), (i) are magnifications of the marked foci in (b), (e), (h), respectively

Fig. 6. (a) The lateral light field intensity distribution at the focal point of the synthetic quasi-spherical multifocal array; (b) Comparison of the light field intensity curves of the maximum focus and the minimum focus on the x-y plane; (c) The field intensity curves of the light intensity distribution of the maximum focus and the minimum focus in the x-z plane along different directions; (d) Three-dimensional light intensity distribution of synthetic longitudinal super-resolution quasi-spherical multifocal arrays