[1] [1] Schneider B V, Mitsuhashi Y, Schnyder U W. Ultrastructural observations in port wine stains[J]. Archives for Dermatological Research, 1988, 280(6): 338-345.

[2] [2] Tan O T. Pulsed dye laser treatment of adult port-wine stains[M]. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1992: 83-99.

[3] [3] Anderson R R, Parrish J A. Selective photothermolysis: Precise microsurgery by selective absorption of pulsed radiation[J]. Science, 1983, 220(4596): 524-527.

[4] [4] Yang M U, Yaroslavsky A N. Long-pulsed neodymiumyttrium-aluminum-garnet laser treatment for port-wine stains[J]. Journal of the American Academy Dermatology, 2005, 52(3): 480-490.

[5] [5] Wu Wenjuan, Li Dong, Xing Linzhuang, et al. Dynamic characteristics of vascular morphology after 1064 nm laser exposure[J]. Chinese J Lasers, 2014, 41(3): 0304001.

[6] [6] Jia W C, Tran N, Sun V, et al. Photocoagulation of dermal blood vessels with multiple laser pulses in an in vivo microvascular model[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2012, 44(2): 144-151.

[7] [7] Verkruysse W, van Gemert M J C, Smithies D J, et al. Modelling multiple laser pulses for port wine stain treatment[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2000, 45(12): N197-N203.

[8] [8] Tuchin V V, Maksimova I L, Zimnyakov D A, et al. Light propagation in tissues with controlled optical properties[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 1997, 2(4): 401-417.

[9] [9] Tuchin V V. Optical clearing of tissues and blood[M]. Bellingham: SPIE Press, 2005: 1-129.

[10] [10] Tuchin V V. Optical clearing of tissues and blood using the immersion method[J]. Journal of Physics, 2005, 38(15): 2497-2518.

[11] [11] Genina E A, Bashkatov A N, Tuchin V V. Tissue optical immersion clearing[J]. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2010, 7(6): 825-842.

[12] [12] Zhu D, Larin K V, Luo Q, et al. Recent progress in tissue optical clearing[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 2013, 7(5): 732-757.

[13] [13] Plotnikov S, Juneja V, Isaacson A B, et al. Optical clearing for improved contrast in second harmonic generation imaging of skeletal muscle[J]. Biophysical Journal, 2006, 90(1): 328-339.

[14] [14] Bui A K, McClure R A, Chang J, et al. Revisiting optical clearing with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)[J]. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2009, 41(2): 142-148.

[15] [15] Wang R K, Xu X, Tuchin V V, et al. Concurrent enhancement of imaging depth and contrast for optical coherence tomography by hyperosmotic agents[J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B, 2001, 18(7): 948-953.

[16] [16] Jiang Jingying, Chen Wei, Xu Kexin. Optical clearing effects by glycerol based on tissue-like phantom[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2011, 48(2): 021702.

[17] [17] Cubeddu R, Pifferi A, Taroni P, et al. A solid tissue phantom for photon migration studies[J]. Physics Medicine and Biology, 1997, 42(10): 1971-1979.

[18] [18] Moes C J M, van Gemert M J C, Star W M, et al. Measurements and calculations of the energy fluence rate in a scattering and absorbing phantom at 633 nm[J]. Applied Optics, 1989, 28(12): 2292-2296.

[19] [19] Correia T, Banga A, Everdell N L, et al. A quantitative assessment of the depth sensitivity of an optical topography system using a solid dynamic tissue-phantom[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2009, 54(20): 6277-6286.

[20] [20] Vargas G, Barton J K, Welch A J. Use of hyperosmotic chemical agent to improve the laser treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions[J]. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 2008, 13(2): 021114.

[21] [21] Vargas G, Readinger A, Dozier S S, et al. Morphological changes in blood vessels produced by hyperosmotic agents and measured by optical coherence tomography[J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2003, 77(5): 541-549.

[22] [22] Boergen K P, Birngruber R, Gabel V P, et al. Experimental studies on controlled closure of small vessels by laser irradiation[J]. Lasers in Surgery, Medicine, and Biology, 1977, 5: 15.1-15.9.

[23] [23] Cussler E L. Diffusion: Mass transfer in fluid systems[M]. Wang Yuxin, Jiang Zhongyi， Transl. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2002: 1-10.