[6] HOLLAND P R. The seasonality of Antarctic sea ice trends[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 41, 4230-4237(2014).

[7] [7] LARSSON L. SHIPFLOW user''s manual theetical manual[S]. Gothenburg: Flowtech Int. AB, 1997.

[10] [10] LINDQVIST G. A straightfward method f calculation of ice resistance of ships[C]Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Pt Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Lulea, Sweden: [s. n. ], 1989: 722–735.

[11] [11] KEINONEN A, BROWNE R P. Icebreaker perfmance prediction[C]Proceedings of the First International Offshe Polar Engineering Conference. Edinburgh, Scotl: [s. n. ], 1991: 562–570.

[12] [12] RISKA K. On the mechanics of the ramming interaction between a ship a massive ice floe: dissertation[D]. Espoo: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finl, 1987.

[13] [13] Finnish Maritime Administration. FinnishSwedish ice class rules: bulletin No. 131.10. 2002[R]. Helsinki: Finnish Maritime Administration, 2002.

[16] [16] NOUZI H R, ZARGHAMI R, SOTUDEHGHAREBAGH R, et al. Coupled CFDDEM modeling: fmulation, implementation applications to multiphase flows[M]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

[17] DI RENZO A, DI MAIO F P. Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 59, 525-541(2004).

[18] HAIDER A, LEVENSPIEL O. Drag coefficient and terminal velocity of spherical and nonspherical particles[J]. Powder Technology, 58, 63-70(1989).

[19] LUO W L, LAN L Q. Design optimization of the lines of the bulbous bow of a hull based on parametric modeling and computational fluid dynamics calculation[J]. Mathematical and Computational Application, 22, 4(2017).

[20] BRATLEY P, FOX B L. Algorithm 659: implementing Sobol's quasirandom sequence generator[J]. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 14, 88-100(1988).

[21] LAYEB A. Tangent search algorithm for solving optimization problems[J]. Neural Computing and Applications, 34, 8853-8884(2022).